The revival of tribes: An analysis of Platystomatidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) phylogeny based on external morphological traits

In this study, we present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Platystomatidae based on morphological evidence. The matrix consisted of 194 characters, 129 terminals, five outgroups, and 124 ingroups. Based on this dataset, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using a traditional search with the Tree Bisection and Reconnection (TBR) algorithm under implied weighting with k = 27. A tree with a length of 2437, a consistence index of 12, and a retention index of 45 was recorded. The family was recovered with three synapomorphies, and four subfamilies were identified. Trapherinae was recovered with two tribes: Trapherini and Xirini. Plastotephritinae included two tribes: Agrochirini and Plastotephritini. Scholastinae was recovered with one tribe: Scholastini. Lastly, Platystomatinae was recovered with six tribes: Rivellini, Achiini, Platystomatini, Angitulini, Lamprogastrini, and Senopterini. In addition, a classification is proposed upon the hypotheses obtained, and a new genus and new species, of Trapherinae, are described: Trapheroplatystoma Rodrigues, Carvalho & Mello gen. nov., T. cabila Rodrigues, Carvalho & Mello sp. nov. Additionally, an update key to the genera of Trapherinae is presented. Lectotype male and one paralectotype male are herein designated to the species Eopiara chrysoptera Frey, 1964.