Association between sociodemographics factors and dietary patterns during pregnancy

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and dietary patterns in pregnancy.METHODS:Cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of 421 postpartum women aged 18 and 45 years resident in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated food frequency questionnaire at 15 days following delivery, having as time frame the second and third pregnancy trimesters. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis for principal components analysis. The association between socio-demographic factors and the identified dietary patterns was assessed with multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS:Two dietary patterns were identified: i) healthy: fruits; green vegetables; vegetables; fish; roots, corn and potato; milk and dairy and herbal tea mate, and negatively loadings for alcohol and coffee and ii) mixed: rice; bean; flour and pasta; breads; cake and cookies; soda and juice; sugar and sweets; fatty foods; meats; chicken; and eggs. The linear regression showed that the income (β=0.0002; 95%CI: 0.0002-0.0004) and schooling (β=0.0491; 95%CI: 0.0264-0.0718) were positively associated with healthy pattern, and parity (β=-0.1044; 95%CI: -0.1665- -0.0423) and skin color (β=-0.3102; 95%CI: -0.5256- -0.0947) were negatively associated. Skin color (β=0.1647; 95%CI: 0.0378- 0.2916) and marital status (β=0.1065; 95%CI: 0.0062- 0.2067) were positively associated with mixed pattern and income (β=-0.0001; 95%CI:-0.0002- -0.0001) and schooling (β=-0.0281; 95%CI: -0.0417- -0.0146) were negatively associated.CONCLUSION:Socio-demographic factors such as income, schooling, skin color, marital status and parity were associated with dietary patterns in this sample of postpartum women residents in Rio de Janeiro.

OBJECTIVE: 探讨社会人口学因素与妊娠期膳食模式的关联。METHODS: 本研究为横断面研究，采用巴西里约热内卢421名年龄介于18至45岁的产后女性队列的基线数据。于产后15天使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（Food Frequency Questionnaire）评估膳食摄入，以妊娠第二、第三孕期为回顾时间窗。采用主成分分析（Principal Components Analysis）因子分析法识别膳食模式，通过多重线性回归分析评估社会人口学因素与所识别出的膳食模式间的关联。RESULTS: 共识别出两类膳食模式：①健康型膳食模式：涵盖水果、绿叶蔬菜、普通蔬菜、鱼类、根茎类食物、玉米与马铃薯、乳类及乳制品，以及马黛茶，同时对酒精与咖啡呈负载荷；②混合型膳食模式：涵盖大米、豆类、面粉与意面、面包、蛋糕与饼干、碳酸饮料与果汁、糖类与甜食、高脂食物、肉类、鸡肉与蛋类。线性回归分析结果显示，收入（β=0.0002；95%置信区间（95%CI）：0.0002-0.0004）与受教育程度（β=0.0491；95%CI：0.0264-0.0718）与健康型膳食模式呈正相关；产次（β=-0.1044；95%CI：-0.1665~-0.0423）与肤色（β=-0.3102；95%CI：-0.5256~-0.0947）与健康型膳食模式呈负相关。肤色（β=0.1647；95%CI：0.0378~0.2916）与婚姻状况（β=0.1065；95%CI：0.0062~0.2067）与混合型膳食模式呈正相关；收入（β=-0.0001；95%CI：-0.0002~-0.0001）与受教育程度（β=-0.0281；95%CI：-0.0417~-0.0146）与混合型膳食模式呈负相关。CONCLUSION: 本研究纳入的巴西里约热内卢产后女性样本中，收入、受教育程度、肤色、婚姻状况及产次等社会人口学因素与膳食模式存在显著关联。