Diversities in the Gut Microbial Patterns in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Certain Heart Failure Phenotypes

This study explores the gut microbiota composition in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF), comparing them to healthy controls. The goal is to better understand how gut microbiota correlates with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, with a focus on reliable connections between microbiota and heart conditions.