Data set from Moons P, Luyckx K, Kovacs AH, Holbein CE, Thomet C, Budts W, Enomoto J, Sluman MA, Yang HL, Jackson JL, Khairy P, Cook SC, Chidambarathanu S, Alday L, Eriksen K, Dellborg M, Berghammer M, Johansson B, Mackie AS, Menahem S, Caruana M, Veldtman G, Soufi A, Fernandes SM, White K, Callus E, Kutty S, Apers S; APPROACH-IS Consortium and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Prevalence and Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Cannabis Consumption, and Co-use in Adults From 15 Countries With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol. 2019 Dec;35(12):1842-1850. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.635. Epub 2019 Aug 14. PMID: 31813510.

Data set from Moons P, Luyckx K, Kovacs AH, Holbein CE, Thomet C, Budts W, Enomoto J, Sluman MA, Yang HL, Jackson JL, Khairy P, Cook SC, Chidambarathanu S, Alday L, Eriksen K, Dellborg M, Berghammer M, Johansson B, Mackie AS, Menahem S, Caruana M, Veldtman G, Soufi A, Fernandes SM, White K, Callus E, Kutty S, Apers S; APPROACH-IS Consortium and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Prevalence and Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Cannabis Consumption, and Co-use in Adults From 15 Countries With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol. 2019 Dec;35(12):1842-1850. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.635. Epub 2019 Aug 14. PMID: 31813510. This is the abstract: <strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence and effects of cigarette smoking and cannabis use in persons with congenital heart disease (CHD) are poorly understood. We (1) described the prevalence of cigarette smoking, cannabis consumption, and co-use in adults with CHD; (2) investigated intercountry differences; (3) tested the relative effects on physical functioning, mental health, and quality of life (QOL); and (4) quantified the differential effect of cigarette smoking, cannabis use, or co-use on those outcomes. <strong>Methods: </strong>APPROACH-IS was a cross-sectional study, including 4028 adults with CHD from 15 countries. Patients completed questionnaires to measure physical functioning, mental health, and QOL. Smoking status and cannabis use were assessed by means of the Health Behaviour Scale-Congenital Heart Disease. Linear models with doubly robust estimations were computed after groups were balanced with the use of propensity weighting. <strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 14% of men and 11% of women smoked cigarettes only; 8% of men and 4% of women consumed cannabis only; and 4% of men and 1% of women used both substances. Large intercountry variations were observed, with Switzerland having the highest prevalence for smoking cigarettes (24% of men, 19% of women) and Canada the highest for cannabis use (19% of men, 4% of women). Cigarette smoking had a small negative effect on patient-reported outcomes, and the effect of cannabis was negligible. The effect of co-use was more prominent, with a moderate negative effect on mental health. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found significant intercountry variability in cigarette and cannabis use in adults with CHD. Co-use has the most detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes.本数据集来自以下文献：Moons P、Luyckx K、Kovacs AH、Holbein CE、Thomet C、Budts W、Enomoto J、Sluman MA、Yang HL、Jackson JL、Khairy P、Cook SC、Chidambarathanu S、Alday L、Eriksen K、Dellborg M、Berghammer M、Johansson B、Mackie AS、Menahem S、Caruana M、Veldtman G、Soufi A、Fernandes SM、White K、Callus E、Kutty S、Apers S；APPROACH-IS研究联盟与国际成人先天性心脏病学会（International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, ISACHD）。《15个国家成人先天性心脏病患者的吸烟、大麻使用及联合使用的流行情况与影响》，发表于《加拿大心脏病学杂志》（Can J Cardiol），2019年12月，35卷12期：1842-1850。DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.635，2019年8月14日在线发表，PubMed ID: 31813510。以下为该研究摘要：<strong>背景：</strong>目前对先天性心脏病（Congenital Heart Disease, CHD）患者的吸烟及大麻使用的流行情况与影响尚不清楚。本研究（1）描述了成人CHD患者的吸烟、大麻使用及联合使用的流行率；（2）探究了国家间的差异；（3）检验了其对身体机能、心理健康与生活质量（Quality of Life, QOL）的相对影响；（4）量化分析了单独吸烟、单独使用大麻或联合使用对上述结局的差异影响。<strong>方法：</strong>APPROACH-IS为一项横断面研究，纳入了来自15个国家的4028名成人CHD患者。受试者填写问卷以评估身体机能、心理健康及生活质量。吸烟状态与大麻使用情况通过《先天性心脏病健康行为量表》（Health Behaviour Scale-Congenital Heart Disease）进行评估。在使用倾向得分加权完成组间平衡后，构建双重稳健估计的线性模型。<strong>结果：</strong>总体而言，14%的男性与11%的女性仅吸烟；8%的男性与4%的女性仅使用大麻；4%的男性与1%的女性同时使用两种物质。研究观察到显著的国家间差异：瑞士的吸烟流行率最高（男性24%，女性19%），加拿大的大麻使用流行率最高（男性19%，女性4%）。单独吸烟对患者报告结局存在轻微负面影响，大麻单独使用的影响可忽略不计。联合使用的影响更为显著，对心理健康存在中等程度的负面影响。<strong>结论：</strong>本研究发现，成人CHD患者的吸烟与大麻使用情况存在显著的国家间差异。联合使用对患者报告结局的有害影响最为显著。