ref.: reference group. aMultivariate OR values were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, and cumulative cigarette smoking. *p<0.05 by trend test.
Aim: We aimed to examine the association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, smoking, and the GSTM1 gene in the risk of lung carcinogenesis. The two-step Mendelian randomization will reveal ev
Background Observational studies have suggested associations between sedentary behaviors (SB), physical activity (PA), sleep duration (SD), and obesity, but the causal relationships remain unclear. Me