Offspring fitness of multiple nematode generations after parental exposure to intraspecific competition in two cryptic species of Litoditis marina

Here, we used two morphologically similar but genetically distinct cryptic species of the marine nematode complex Litoditis marina (Pm III and Pm IV) to investigate how parental exposure to low and high intraspecific competition affects offspring fitness (juvenile maturation time, fecundity, and adult population growth) across multiple gene rations (F1, F3, F5, F7 and F9) at optimal (20°C) and suboptimal (Pm III: 15°C; Pm IV: 25°C) temperature regimes.