THE CENTRAL IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE DRAMAS "NATHAN THE WISE" AND "EMILIA GALOTTI"

This article analyzes the central ideas of the Enlightenment in Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s dramas “Nathan the Wise” and “Emilia Galotti.” Both works reflect key Enlightenment values such as reason, tolerance, justice, and individual freedom. While “Nathan the Wise” promotes religious tolerance and humanism through philosophical dialogue, “Emilia Galotti” criticizes the abuse of political power and social inequality. The article highlights similarities and differences between the two dramas and emphasizes their significance in the context of Enlightenment thought.本文分析了戈特霍尔德·埃夫莱姆·莱辛（Gotthold Ephraim Lessing）的戏剧《智者纳坦》（Nathan the Wise）与《艾米莉亚·迦洛蒂》（Emilia Galotti）中的启蒙运动核心思想。两部作品均彰显了理性、宽容、正义与个体自由等核心启蒙价值。其中，《智者纳坦》通过哲学对话宣扬宗教宽容与人文主义，而《艾米莉亚·迦洛蒂》则批判了政治权力的滥用与社会不平等现象。本文梳理了两部戏剧的异同之处，并着重阐释了二者在启蒙思想脉络中的重要意义。