Soil substances in Germany

In addition to substances that serve as nutrients for the plants, there are also pollutants in the soil which in higher concentrations can impair the growth of plants and animals. Some substances (e.g., nickel) are essential in low concentrations but in higher concentrations they are toxic. The human being mostly is responsible for excessively high pollutant concentrations; However, there are naturally also increased levels of pollutants, which are mostly derived from the parent material. Background values describe the typical natural concentrations of these substances in our soils. The storage of pollutants and their possible degradation in the soil prevent the transfer of the pollutants into the groundwater. The theme maps for the substances in soils of Germany are based on the non-and landuse stratified soil map of Germany 1: 1.000.000 (BUEK1000, BUEK1000N) and data sets from the FISBo laboratory and profile database and 175 data sets from literature.除可为植物提供营养的物质外，土壤中还存在污染物；当污染物浓度过高时，会损害动植物的生长。部分物质（例如镍（nickel））在低浓度下为植物生长所必需，但浓度升高后则会产生毒性。污染物浓度超标大多由人类活动导致，但也存在自然成因的污染物浓度升高现象，这类污染物多源自土壤母质。背景值指的是上述物质在土壤中典型的自然浓度水平。土壤对污染物的固持作用及其可能发生的降解过程，可阻断污染物向地下水的迁移路径。德国土壤中各类物质的专题图，其编制依据为德国1:100万非土地利用与土地利用分层土壤图（BUEK1000、BUEK1000N）、FISBo实验室与剖面数据库的数据集，以及175篇公开文献的相关数据集。