Supplementary Table 1 Included number of animals by age, gender, and breeding province..docx

The cynomolgus monkey is one of the non-human primates evolutionary closest to human, and cynomolgus monkeys are often the most pharmacologically and metabolically relevant animal species for nonclinical toxicity assessments, especially for biological products. For general toxicity studies, the starting ages of monkeys vary from 3 to 5 years. Usually, about 40 NHPs are included in a toxicology study. However, due to a reduction in the supply of NHPs available for non-clinical studies and a substantial increase in the demand of NHPs for the evaluation of biological products, of which NHPs is the only relevant animal species, animals from 2 or more sources could be used in the same study. In the previous studies, reference values for hematology and serum chemistry parameters in cynomolgus monkeys were reported with a small number of animals, limited age ranges, mixed genders, and/or different geographic origins. The aim of this study was to establish integrated, high-quality foundation for future Chinese cynomolgus monkey-based research, comprehensive and accurate reference values of clinical pathology parameter, and to provide the data support for using animals from different animal sources in a study.