ANALYSIS OF CRITERIA APPLIED IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING OF CARGO MOVEMENT

This article investigates the technological foundations and architecture of information systems that enable real-time monitoring of cargo movements. The increasing complexity of global supply chains and the necessity to optimize logistics processes mandate the implementation of modern tracking systems. Within the scope of the study, the operating principles, integration mechanisms, and mutual interaction of advanced technologies such as GPS, GNSS, GSM, IoT, and RFID are analyzed scientifically. In addition, the advantages and existing limitations of real-time tracking are examined through a comparative analysis.本文深入探析支持货物实时动态追踪的信息系统的技术基础与整体架构。当前全球供应链复杂度与日俱增，物流流程优化的刚需愈发凸显，这均推动现代物流追踪系统的部署落地。本研究范畴内，将针对GPS（全球定位系统）、GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）、GSM（全球移动通信系统）、物联网（IoT）以及射频识别（RFID）等前沿技术的运行原理、集成机制与协同交互逻辑开展系统性科学分析。除此之外，本研究还将通过对比分析的方法，对实时追踪系统的核心优势与现存技术局限展开全面检视。