Datasets and supplementary material associated with the article entitled "Widespread <i>Wolbachia</i> infection is correlated with increased mtDNA diversity in native bees across the Fijian archipelago"

Insects have a complex coevolutionary history with bacterial symbionts, among which <i>Wolbachia pipientis</i> stands out for its prevalence and role in reproductive manipulation. <i>Wolbachia</i> can induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminisation, male killing, and parthenogenesis, greatly influence the population genetics of their hosts and are potential drivers of invertebrate speciation. We might then assume that <i>Wolbachia</i> could act synergistically with other factors, such as niche conservation and isolation by distance, to drive speciation in hyper-diverse invertebrate taxa. The Fijian archipelago hosts a remarkable and recently diverged clade of <i>Lasioglossum (Homalictus)</i> bees. Some of these <i>Lasioglossum</i> have highly unusual species-level sex ratios and mitochondrial diversities, which can be hallmarks of infection by a bacterial reproductive manipulator. To examine the role of <i>Wolbachia</i> in Fijian<i> </i><i>Lasioglossum</i> speciation, we screened the endemic Fijian bees for <i>Wolbachia</i><i> </i>using the <i>Wolbachia</i> surface protein gene (wsp). We compare the distribution of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection across species with host mitochondrial haplotype diversity and conducted phylogenetic analysis to determine the relationship of host relatedness and symbiont infection status. We detected five <i>Wolbachia</i> strains across supergroups A and B with one strain, wHa, being the most abundant. We found evidence of mostly horizontal and limited vertical transmission, and little evidence for <i>Wolbachia­</i>-supported speciation. We show that, contrary to general patterns, <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected <i>Lasioglossum</i> species have higher mitochondrial diversity. Finally, we present evidence for the potential of multiple modes of host manipulation in this clade.