Digital media visibility of US National Parks

The US National Park (NP) system is presently comprised of 63 distinct protected areas encompassing ∼212,000 km2 (2% of US land area). For over a century, the US National Park Service has been charged with managing the NP system, yet faces a paradoxical dual mandate – to both preserve invaluable national park environmental and cultural resources for future generations, and to ensure their public accessibility for recreational enjoyment. Yet with >124 million visitors in 2019, the NPs are at risk of being ‘loved to death’, as with protected areas the world over. Against this backdrop, we analyzed the structure and dynamics of this coupled human-natural system through a public lens constructed from >426,000 digital media articles mentioning at least one NP. Whereas NP visitation increased by 29% and federal budget levels decreased by 15% over the last decade, NP media visibility increased >3900%, with media articles featuring >1 NP largely associated with tourism messaging. He..., The US NP system is presently comprised of 63 distinct protected areas encompassing ∼212,000 km2 (2% of US land area). To analyze this \"system of systems\", we assembled a dataset of 426,069 unique web-based digital media articles representing news articles, blog posts, and other web content specifically mentioning any of the 63 U.S. national parks by their official name, e.g., “Yosemite National Park”. These media articles were originally produced by 16,030 unique media sources, according to primary source data obtained from the Media Cloud project (MC) database, https://www.mediacloud.org/. In the associated report, we use these data to develop a co-occurrence framework for defining park-park relationships based upon media article co-visibility over the period 2000-2020, by applying concepts and methods from network science, machine learning (NLP), and organizational science.
, , # Digital media visibility of US National Parks

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fttdz091w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fttdz091w)

This document describes the contents of the folder Data_Code/, which contains tabular data and code notebooks generated with Mathematica (v12/13) for reproducing the analysis associated with this data deposit. Primary source records consisting of metadata for individual digital media articles mentioning each US National Park (NP) by its official name at least once were obtained from the Media Cloud project via its open-source API, and integrated with other metadata about National Parks obtained from the US NPS and Wikipedia.

## Description of the data and file structure

All data files in Data_Code.zip are provided in CSV (comma-separated value). See ReadMe_DataDescription.pdf for additional details on which Mathematica notebook files generate the corresponding figures in each associated study, and for a description of the input files and output figures/d...,

美国国家公园（National Park, NP）体系目前包含63处独立保护区域，总面积约21.2万平方千米，占美国陆地总面积的2%。一个多世纪以来，美国国家公园管理局（US National Park Service）负责管护这一公园体系，但同时面临着自相矛盾的双重使命：既要为子孙后代守护珍贵的国家公园环境与文化资源，又要保障公众能够前来休闲游憩。2019年美国国家公园接待游客超1.24亿人次，与全球各地的保护区域一样，正面临“因过度喜爱而被损毁”的风险。在此背景下，本研究依托提及至少一处国家公园的42.6万余篇数字媒体文章构建的公共视角，分析这一人-自然耦合系统的结构与动态。过去十年间，美国国家公园的游客量增长29%，联邦预算却缩减15%，而国家公园的媒体关注度增幅超3900%，其中提及多处国家公园的媒体文章大多与旅游宣传相关。……

美国国家公园体系目前包含63处独立保护区域，总面积约21.2万平方千米，占美国陆地总面积的2%。为分析这一“系统之系统”，我们构建了包含426069篇独特网络数字媒体文章的数据集，涵盖新闻报道、博客文章及其他网络内容，这些内容均明确提及63处美国国家公园的官方名称，例如"约塞米蒂国家公园"。根据从媒体云项目（Media Cloud, MC）数据库（https://www.mediacloud.org/）获取的原始源数据，这些媒体文章均由16030家独特媒体机构原创发布。在本关联报告中，我们依托这些数据开发了共现分析框架，基于2000-2020年期间媒体文章的共同曝光度定义公园间的关联关系，研究过程中融入了网络科学、机器学习与自然语言处理（Natural Language Processing, NLP）以及组织科学的相关理念与方法。

，，# 美国国家公园的数字媒体关注度
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fttdz091w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fttdz091w)

本文件说明Data_Code/文件夹的内容，该文件夹包含采用Mathematica（v12/13）编写的表格数据与代码笔记本，用于复现本数据存档相关的分析工作。提及每处美国国家公园（NP）官方名称至少一次的单篇数字媒体文章的元数据等原始源记录，通过媒体云项目的开源API获取，并与从美国国家公园管理局（US NPS）及维基百科获取的国家公园其他元数据进行整合。

## 数据与文件结构说明
Data_Code.zip 中的所有数据文件均采用逗号分隔值（Comma-Separated Value, CSV）格式存储。详见ReadMe_DataDescription.pdf，该文件可提供各Mathematica笔记本文件如何生成对应研究图表的详细说明，以及输入文件、输出图表……的相关描述。