Demographic data for lung adenocarcinoma tumors sampled.

*The proportion of individuals of Asian descent in our NS smoker cohort was significantly greater than that of smokers. However, a recent study investigating genomic differences in Western European versus East-Asian lung adenocarcinomas reported no difference in PGA [6]. Nonetheless, our validation cohorts from MSKCC and TSP were from geographically distant research centers, whose patient demographics (including race) likely differ from our own. **One pack year is defined as smoking one package of cigarettes every day for one year.