黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统-2024）

该数据集包含了2024年1月1日至2024年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网下游四道桥超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇四道桥，下垫面是柽柳。观测点的经纬度是101.1374E，42.0012N，海拔873m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速风向传感器分别架设在5m、7m、10m、15m、20m、28m处，共6层，朝向正北；气压计安装在防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在28m处；四分量辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；两个光合有效辐射仪安装在10m处，朝向正南，探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个；土壤部分传感器安装在塔体南侧2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm和200cm处。
观测项目有：风速（WS_5m、WS_7m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_28m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_5m、WD_7m、WD_10m、WD_15m、WD_20m、WD_28m）（单位：度）、空气温湿度（Ta_5m、Ta_7m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_28m和RH_5m、RH_7m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_28m）（单位：摄氏度、百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）（单位：瓦/平方米）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、向上和向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）（单位：微摩尔/平方米秒）、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）（单位：瓦/平方米）、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm、Ms_200cm）（单位：体积含水量，百分比）、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm、Ts_200cm）（单位：摄氏度）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-9999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2024-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)和Liu et al. (2023)。

This dataset contains data from the meteorological element gradient observation system of the Sidaoqiao Super Station, which belongs to the downstream of the Heihe River Basin Comprehensive Observation Network for Land Surface Processes, covering the period from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. The station is located in Sidaoqiao, Dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with Tamarix as its underlying surface. The geographic coordinates of the observation point are 101.1374°E and 42.0012°N, with an altitude of 873 m.

Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction sensors are installed at 6 levels (5 m, 7 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 28 m) and face true north. The barometer is installed inside a waterproof box. The tipping-bucket rain gauge is installed at 28 m. The four-component radiometer is installed at 10 m, facing true south. Two infrared thermometers are installed at 10 m, facing true south with their probes pointing vertically downward. Two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors are installed at 10 m, facing true south, with one probe pointing vertically upward and the other vertically downward.

Soil sensors are installed 2 m south of the tower. Specifically, 3 self-calibrating soil heat flux plates are buried sequentially at 6 cm underground. Soil temperature probes are buried at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm and 200 cm underground. Soil moisture sensors are buried at 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm and 200 cm underground respectively.

The observation items are as follows:
1. Wind speed (WS_5m, WS_7m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_20m, WS_28m) (unit: m/s)
2. Wind direction (WD_5m, WD_7m, WD_10m, WD_15m, WD_20m, WD_28m) (unit: degree)
3. Air temperature and humidity: air temperature (Ta_5m, Ta_7m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_20m, Ta_28m) and relative humidity (RH_5m, RH_7m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_20m, RH_28m) (units: °C, %)
4. Atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hPa)
5. Precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm)
6. Four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: W/m²)
7. Surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: °C)
8. Upward and downward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: μmol/(m²·s))
9. Soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: W/m²)
10. Soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm, Ms_200cm) (unit: volumetric water content, %)
11. Soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm, Ts_200cm) (unit: °C)

Data processing and quality control procedures are as follows:
1. Ensure 144 data records per day (collected every 10 minutes); missing data is marked with -9999.
2. Remove records with duplicate timestamps.
3. Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges.
4. Data marked in red are considered questionable.
5. Unified date and time format, with date and time stored in the same column. For example, the time format is: "2024-9-10 10:30".
6. The file naming convention is: AWS + station name.

For information on the Heihe River Basin Comprehensive Observation Network and this station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) and Liu et al. (2023).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2024年黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中四道桥超级站的气象要素梯度观测数据，覆盖全年小时级时间分辨率，包含空气温湿度、风速风向、辐射、土壤温湿度等多层多参数观测。数据集具有高精度和全面性，适用于水文、气候和地表过程研究，数据经过严格质量控制，并以申请方式共享。