Supplementary Material for: Prognostic Value of Blood Pressure Rhythmicity for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Male Hypertensive Patients Aged 55 and Older

Background: Blood pressure (BP) exhibits a circadian rhythm characterized by higher levels during wakefulness and lower levels during sleep; however, the functional and structural impact of the rhythms of BP remains uncertain. Methods: Two hundred hypertensive males aged 55 and older without overt cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Of these, 188 were included in the analyses (12 lacked valid BP records for part of the 24 h period). Rhythmic profiling of BP was performed using ARSER, and rhythmicity was considered significant at P 1/2 SD between baseline and follow-up. Adjusting for confounding factors (including age, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, BMI, albumin levels, administration time of antihypertensive drugs, and duration of hypertension), the risk of a decline in eGFR was 70% lower in subjects with 12 h rhythmic SBP than in those with arrhythmic SBP (heart rate [HR] = 0.307 [0.108–0.874], P = 0.027). Conclusion: SBP with a 12 h period is a protective predictor of the decline in eGFR in hypertensive males. It is therefore necessary to focus on the rhythmic profiling of BP.