National Survey on Household Living Conditions and Agriculture 2011 - Niger

Abstract
---------------------------

The ECVM/A is an integrated multi-topic household survey done for the purpose of evaluating poverty and living conditions in Niger.

The main objectives of the ECVMA are to:
- Gauge the progress made with achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs);
- Facilitate the updating of the social indicators used in formulating the policies aimed at improving the living conditions of the population;
- Provide data related to several areas that are important to Niger without conducting specific surveys on individual topics ;
- Provide data on several important areas for Niger that are not necessarily collected in other more specific surveys.

The ECVM/A involves two visits, which means that each household is visited twice. The first visit takes place during the planting season. The second visit takes place during the harvest season. The household and agriculture/livestock, as well as the community/price questionnaire are administered during the first visit. During the second visit, only the household and agriculture/livestock questionnaires are administered.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National

Analysis unit
---------------------------

- Household
- Individual

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The ECVM/A 2011 has been designed to have national coverage, including both urban and rural areas in all the regions of the country. The domains are defined as the entire country, the city of Niamey; and other urban areas, rural areas, and in the rural areas, agricultural zones, agro-pastoral zones and pastoral zones. Taking this into account, 26 explicit sampling strata were selected: Niamey, and urban, agriculture, agro-pastoral and pastoral zones of the seven regions other than Niamey.

The target population is drawn from households in all 8 regions of the country with the exception of certain strata found in Arlit (Agadez Region) because of difficulties in going there, the very low population density, and collective housing. The portion of the population excluded from the sample represents less than 0.4% of the total population of Niger. Of a total of 36,000 people not included in the sample design, about 29,000 live in Arlit and 7,000 in collective housing.

The sample was chosen through a random two stage process:

- In the first stage a certain number of Enumeration Areas (known as Zones de Dénombrement or ZDs) will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) using the 2001 General Census of Population and Housing as the base for the sample, and the number of households as a measure of size.
- In the second stage, 12 or 18 households will be selected with equal probability in each urban or rural ZD respectively. The base for the sample will be an exhaustive listing of households that will be done before the start of the survey.

The total estimated size of the sample is 4,074 households. The fact that this is the first survey with panel households to be revisited in the future was taken into account in the design and therefore it is possible to lose households between the two surveys with minimal adverse effects on the analyses.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The household questionnaire comprises 13 sections, not including the cover page which covers information of a general nature (identity, name of household head) and Section 0 which covers detailed information on household identification and the results of the survey. The second visit household questionnaire is a reduced version of the version used in the first round. It includes information to determine if members who were in the household in the first visit are still in the household and if there are any new members. When there are new members, the questionnaire is used to collect basic information on their socio-demographic.

Like the household questionnaire, the agriculture/livestock questionnaire is divided into sections and sub-sections. The different sections, numbering 8 in all, address the issues of access to land, rainy season agriculture, "contre-saison" agriculture (dry season), livestock, forestry, agricultural equipment, access to agricultural extension services, and climate change. The agriculture and livestock questionnaire, second visit, collects information on harvests from the recently completed season and information on livestock rearing and production. In addition, information was collected on tree crops, agricultural extension, and climate change.

The community questionnaire has 7 sections. In addition, the cover pages collects general information (identification information, etc.) and section 0 provides the names of the respondents. In the second visit, the community questionnaire was used only to collect local prices.

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

The data entry was done in the field simultaneously with the data collection. Each data collection team included a data entry operator who key entered the data soon after it was collected. The data entry program was designed in CSPro, a data entry package developed by the US Census Bureau. This program allows three types of data checks: (1) range checks; (2) intra-record checks to verify inconsistencies pertinent to the particular module of the questionnaire; and (3) inter-record checks to determine inconsistencies between the different modules of the questionnaire.

The data entry from the first passage was completed in September 2011 and data cleaning was completed in December. The data cleaning process took longer than expected because it was done simultaneously with preparing for the second visit. Data entry from the second visit was completed in January 2012 and the data cleaning for both rounds was completed in August 2012.

摘要
---------------------------
ECVM/A是一项综合的多主题家庭调查，旨在评估尼日尔贫困状况和生活条件。

ECVM/A的主要目标包括：
- 评估实现千年发展目标（MDGs）所取得的进展；
- 促进制定旨在改善民众生活条件的政策时所用社会指标的更新；
- 提供有关尼日尔几个重要领域的数据，无需针对各个主题进行特定调查；
- 提供有关尼日尔几个重要领域的数据，这些数据在其他更为具体的调查中未必能够收集到。

ECVM/A涉及两次访问，这意味着每个家庭将被访问两次。第一次访问发生在播种季节。第二次访问发生在收获季节。在第一次访问中，将进行家庭和农业/畜牧业以及社区/价格问卷的行政。在第二次访问中，仅进行家庭和农业/畜牧业问卷的行政。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国

分析单元
---------------------------
- 家庭
- 个人

数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------
ECVM/A 2011已被设计为具有全国覆盖范围，包括该国所有地区的城市和农村地区。领域被定义为整个国家、尼亚美市以及其他城市地区、农村地区，在乡村地区，包括农业区、农业牧业区和游牧区。考虑到这一点，选择了26个明确的抽样层：尼亚美、尼亚美以外的七个地区的城市、农业、农业牧业和游牧区。

目标人群来自尼日尔8个地区的家庭，除阿加德兹地区的阿利特（Arlit）因前往该地区困难、人口密度极低和集体住房外。样本中排除的人口比例不到尼日尔总人口的0.4%。在总共36,000人未被纳入样本设计中，约29,000人居住在阿利特，7,000人居住在集体住房。

样本是通过随机两阶段过程选择的：
- 在第一阶段，将根据2001年人口和住房普查的数据，以规模比例（PPS）选择一定数量的统计区域（称为人口统计区域或ZDs），并将该普查作为样本的基础，以家庭数量作为规模的标准。
- 在第二阶段，将在每个城市或农村ZD中以等概率选择12或18个家庭。样本的基础将是调查开始前完成的全面的家庭清单。

估计的样本总规模为4,074个家庭。考虑到这是第一个未来将被重新访问的横截面家庭调查，因此在设计时考虑到了这一点，因此两个调查之间可能失去家庭，但对分析的最小不利影响是可以接受的。

数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
---------------------------
家庭问卷包含13个部分，不包括封面页，封面页涵盖一般性信息（身份、户主姓名）和第0部分，涵盖家庭识别和调查结果的详细信息。第二次访问的家庭问卷是第一轮使用的版本的简化版。它包括确定在第一次访问中在家庭中的成员是否仍在家庭中，以及是否有新成员的信息。当有新成员时，问卷用于收集他们的基本社会人口信息。

与家庭问卷类似，农业/畜牧业问卷也被分为部分和子部分。总共8个部分，涉及土地获取、雨季农业、“反季节”农业（干旱季节）、畜牧业、林业、农业设备、获取农业推广服务以及气候变化等问题。

农业和畜牧业问卷第二次访问收集了最近完成的季节的收获信息和畜牧业养殖和生产信息。

此外，还收集了树木作物、农业推广和气候变化的信息。

社区问卷有7个部分。

此外，封面页收集一般信息（识别信息等），第0部分提供受访者的姓名。

在第二次访问中，社区问卷仅用于收集当地价格。

数据清理操作
---------------------------
数据录入是在数据收集的同时在野外完成的。每个数据收集团队包括一个数据录入操作员，在收集数据后不久进行数据录入。数据录入程序是在美国人口普查局开发的CSPro数据录入包中设计的。该程序允许进行三种类型的数据检查：（1）范围检查；（2）记录内检查，以验证与问卷特定模块相关的矛盾；（3）记录间检查，以确定问卷不同模块之间的矛盾。

第一次访问的数据录入于2011年9月完成，数据清理于12月完成。数据清理过程比预期耗时更长，因为它是在为第二次访问做准备的同时进行的。

第二次访问的数据录入于2012年1月完成，两轮的数据清理于2012年8月完成。