Decomposition of the total LTR variance into a cultural field component , and city-specific component , and a binomial component, , corrected by a herding coefficient .

This last term is determined using the method proposed in [17], which leads to a herding coefficient given in the second column. : when the direct fit gives a value of less than unity, we enforce . : the case of Germany seems to be special, maybe due to a large fraction of postal votes. : the method to determine requires more than one election, and therefore cannot be applied to the Czech Republic. In this case, we also set by default. : Missing data prevents us from determining precisely, so we again set by default. The value of the exponent is only indicative, since in some countries the power-law assumption is not warranted, see Fig. 4. We give two values for : one as the asymptotic extrapolation of for and the second from the rescaling coefficient , see below and Fig. 9. Both these determinations are only precise to within roughly .