<b>Hydration-driven Remodeling </b><b> of </b><b>Dentin Matrix Impedes Adhesive Infiltration</b>

These findings unify water- and matrix-centric views by establishing a causal hierarchy: the demineralized dentin matrix is the fundamental platform for redistribution, and the interface-confined water is its key amplifier. This shifts the paradigm from water displacement to rational matrix management, offering a mechanistic blueprint for durable adhesion.