Data from: Patterns and drivers of biodiversity-stability relationships under climate extremes

Interactions between biodiversity loss and climate change present significant challenges for research, policy and management of ecosystems. Evidence suggests that high species diversity tends to increase plant community stability under interannual climate fluctuations and mild dry and wet events, but the overall pattern of diversity–stability relationships under climate extremes is unclear.
We comprehensively review results from observational and experimental studies to assess the importance of diversity effects for ecosystem function under climate extremes. Both the broad literature review and a meta-analysis focused on the effects of extreme precipitation events on above-ground biomass reveal no significant interaction between species richness and climate extremes.
Causes for variation in diversity effects under climate extremes are explored, from stress thresholds to biotic interactions and community assembly, and we consider how these may modulate the outcomes of biodiversity–stability relationships. We also examine how specific characteristics of climate extremes and timing of measurements may interact with mechanisms of diversity–stability relationships.
Synthesis. Hypotheses tailored to the complexity of diversity effects, the implementation of standardised experiments and the use of trait-based biodiversity measures rather than species richness should lead to better causal understanding of whether and how biodiversity may protect ecosystems from adverse effects of climate extremes.

生物多样性丧失（biodiversity loss）与气候变化（climate change）之间的交互作用，为生态系统（ecosystems）的研究、政策制定与管理带来了显著挑战。现有证据表明，在年际气候波动（interannual climate fluctuations）与轻度干湿事件（mild dry and wet events）背景下，较高的物种多样性（species diversity）往往可提升植物群落稳定性（plant community stability），但极端气候（climate extremes）条件下物种多样性与群落稳定性之间的整体关联模式仍不明确。

本研究全面综述了观测研究（observational studies）与实验研究（experimental studies）的相关成果，以评估极端气候条件下多样性效应对生态系统功能的重要性。针对极端降水事件（extreme precipitation events）对地上生物量（above-ground biomass）影响的大范围文献综述与元分析（meta-analysis）均显示，物种丰富度（species richness）与极端气候之间不存在显著的交互作用。

本研究还探讨了极端气候条件下多样性效应产生差异的潜在成因，涵盖胁迫阈值（stress thresholds）、生物间相互作用（biotic interactions）与群落组装（community assembly）等维度，并分析了这些因素如何调控生物多样性-群落稳定性关联的结果。此外，我们还考察了极端气候的具体特征与测量时机可能如何与多样性-稳定性关联的调控机制产生交互影响。

综上，针对多样性效应复杂性定制的研究假说、标准化实验的实施，以及采用基于功能性状的生物多样性测度（trait-based biodiversity measures）而非单纯的物种丰富度指标，将有助于我们更深入地从因果层面理解生物多样性是否能够以及如何保护生态系统免受极端气候的不利影响。