Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS): 2017

The Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) was established in 2001 as part of the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) project's long-term monitoring program. Every five years, the PASS team surveys households in select neighborhoods in metropolitan Phoenix in order to better understand people's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors on environmental issues such heat stress and climate change, water scarcity and policy, landscape choices and management, and urban wildlife and biodiversity. In 2001, the first PASS was piloted in 8 neighborhoods (n= 302) in the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

Aiming for about 20 respondents per neighborhood, the 2006 (n= 808) and 2011 (n= 806) samples were expanded to cover a broader range of neighborhoods (40-45) that better represent the geography of the greater metropolitan area, both in terms of location and demographics. In order to characterize and examine residents' views and practices in particular Phoenix-area neighborhoods, the 2017 survey was redesigned to target a larger number of people (~65) in fewer (12) neighborhoods across the region. The new sampling design allows for intensive neighborhood analyses that link residents' perceptions, attitudes, and decisions to the local ecology (e.g., urban infrastructure, landscape attributes, species composition).

The 2017 PASS neighborhoods were distributed across CAP LTER ecological monitoring sites at green/blue infrastructure such as the Salt River, Tempe Town Lake, and Indian Bend Wash, in addition to desert preserves such as South Mountain Park and McDowell Sonoran Preserve. Ecological data also collected at these sites included climate and temperature data, nutrient fluxes, and wildlife community measurements. In each neighborhood, for example, the local bird community was measured at three point-count stations so that we can link biodiversity metrics to people's views and actions that affect them. Overall, the 2017 PASS survey explores major themes integral for understanding social-ecological system dynamics including urban ecosystem services, environmental satisfaction and perceptions, and vulnerability and adaptation to various urban ecological risks.

凤凰城地区社会调查（Phoenix Area Social Survey, PASS）于2001年设立，作为亚利桑那中部-凤凰城长期生态研究（Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research, CAP LTER）项目长期监测计划的组成部分。该团队每五年开展一次调查，对凤凰城都会区选定社区的家庭进行抽样访谈，以期更深入地了解民众在热应激、气候变化、水资源短缺与政策、景观选择与管理、城市野生动物与生物多样性等环境议题上的认知、态度与行为。2001年，首轮PASS调查在亚利桑那州凤凰城的8个社区开展试点，样本量n=302。

2006年（样本量n=808）与2011年（样本量n=806）的调查计划每个社区招募约20名受访者，样本覆盖范围扩大至40至45个社区，从地理位置与人口结构两方面更具代表性地覆盖大凤凰城都会区。为细致刻画凤凰城各社区居民的观点与实践模式，2017年的调查重新设计了抽样方案：将抽样调整为在区域内12个社区中招募更多受访者（每个社区约65人）。新的抽样设计支持开展精细化的社区分析，可将居民的认知、态度与决策与当地生态系统（如城市基础设施、景观属性、物种组成）建立关联。

2017年PASS的调研社区分布于CAP LTER生态监测站点，涵盖盐河、坦佩镇湖、印第安本德冲沟等绿蓝基础设施，以及南山公园、麦克道尔索诺兰保护区等荒漠保护地。上述监测站点同时收集气候与温度数据、养分通量、野生动物群落监测数据等生态资料。例如，在每个社区内，将通过三个点计数站对当地鸟类群落开展监测，从而将生物多样性指标与影响其变化的民众观点及行为建立关联。总体而言，2017年PASS调查围绕社会-生态系统动态理解所需的核心主题展开，包括城市生态系统服务、环境满意度与认知，以及应对各类城市生态风险的脆弱性与适应策略。