WoSIS snapshot - September 2019

The World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broad scale levels. Since the release of the first ‘WoSIS snapshot’, in July 2016, many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repository, and subsequently standardised in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. Soil profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of data providers, therefore special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values (and units of measurement), and soil analytical method descriptions. We presently consider the following soil chemical properties (organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total Nitrogen, Phosphorus (extractable-P, total-P, and P-retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments, and water retention), grouped according to analytical procedures (aggregates) that are operationally comparable. Further, for each profile, we provide the original soil classification (FAO, WRB, USDA, and version) and horizon designations insofar as these have been specified in the source databases. Measures for geographical accuracy (i.e. location) of the point data as well as a first approximation for the uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical methods are presented, for possible consideration in digital soil mapping and subsequent earth system modelling. The present snapshot, referred to as ‘WoSIS snapshot - September 2019’, comprises 196,498 geo-referenced profiles originating from 173 countries. They represent over 832 thousand soil layers (or horizons), and over 6 million records. The actual number of observations for each property varies (greatly) between profiles and with depth, this generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes. The downloadable ZIP file has the data in TSV (tab separated values) and GeoPackage format. It contains the following files: - ReadmeFirst_WoSIS_2019dec04.pdf (546.7 KB) - wosis_201909.gpkg (2.2 GB, same data as in the tsv) - wosis_201909_attributes.tsv (8.7 KB) - wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv (893.5 MB) - wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv (890.7 MB) - wosis_201909_profiles.tsv (18.8 MB) To read the data in R, please, uncompress the ZIP file and specify the uncompressed folder. Then use read_tsv to read the TSV files, specifying the data types for each column (c = character, i = integer, n = number, d = double, l = logical, f = factor, D = date, T = date time, t = time). setwd(\"/YourFolder/WoSIS_2019_September/\") attributes = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_attributes.tsv', col_types='cccciicd') profiles = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_profiles.tsv', col_types='icccdddiicccciccccicccc') chemical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc') physical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc') For more detailed instructions on how to read the data with R, please visit https://www.isric.org/accessing-wosis-using-r. Citation: Batjes N.H, Ribeiro E, and van Oostrum A.J.M, 2019. Standardised soil profile data for the world (WoSIS snapshot - September 2019), https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20190901. The dataset accompanies the following data paper: Batjes N.H., Ribeiro E., and van Oostrum A.J.M., 2019. Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot - 2019). Earth System Science Data, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020.

世界土壤信息服务（World Soil Information Service，WoSIS）提供经过质量评估与标准化处理的土壤剖面数据，以支撑大范围尺度下的数字土壤制图与环境应用。自2016年7月首个“WoSIS快照”发布以来，大量新增土壤数据已提交至我们并注册于ISRIC数据仓库，随后依据数据提供者指定的许可协议完成标准化处理。

WoSIS所管理的土壤剖面数据由众多数据提供者贡献，因此我们格外重视土壤数据质量管控，以及土壤属性定义、属性数值（含测量单位）与土壤分析方法描述的标准化工作。本次数据集涵盖以下土壤化学属性（有机碳、总碳、总碳酸盐当量、总氮、磷（可提取磷、总磷及磷保留量）、土壤pH值、阳离子交换量及电导率）与物理属性（土壤质地（砂粒、粉粒、黏粒）、容重、粗碎屑组分及持水性能），所有属性均依据可操作可比的分析流程（聚合组）进行归类。

此外，针对每个土壤剖面，我们将提供源数据库中明确标注的原始土壤分类体系（联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，FAO）、世界土壤资源参比基础（World Reference Base for Soil Resources，WRB）、美国农业部（United States Department of Agriculture，USDA）及对应版本）与发生层命名。本数据集还提供了点位数据的地理精度（即坐标位置）管控措施，以及与可操作定义分析方法相关的不确定性初步估算结果，以供数字土壤制图与后续地球系统建模工作参考。

本次发布的快照版本命名为“WoSIS快照——2019年9月版”，共包含源自173个国家的196498个带地理坐标的土壤剖面。这些剖面总计涵盖超过83.2万个土壤发生层（或土层），以及超600万条数据记录。各属性的实际观测数量在不同剖面间以及随土层深度差异悬殊，这通常取决于初始土壤采样计划的研究目标。

可下载的ZIP压缩包包含制表符分隔值（Tab Separated Values，TSV）与地理数据包（GeoPackage）两种格式的数据，包含以下文件：
- ReadmeFirst_WoSIS_2019dec04.pdf（546.7 KB）
- wosis_201909.gpkg（2.2 GB，与TSV格式数据内容一致）
- wosis_201909_attributes.tsv（8.7 KB）
- wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv（893.5 MB）
- wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv（890.7 MB）
- wosis_201909_profiles.tsv（18.8 MB）

若需在R语言环境中读取数据，请先解压ZIP压缩包并指定解压后的文件夹路径。随后使用read_tsv函数读取TSV文件，并为每一列指定数据类型（c = 字符型，i = 整数型，n = 数值型，d = 双精度浮点型，l = 逻辑型，f = 因子型，D = 日期型，T = 日期时间型，t = 时间型）：
setwd("/YourFolder/WoSIS_2019_September/")
attributes = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_attributes.tsv', col_types='cccciicd')
profiles = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_profiles.tsv', col_types='icccdddiicccciccccicccc')
chemical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_chemical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc')
physical = readr::read_tsv('wosis_201909_layers_physical.tsv', col_types='iiddclcdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccccdccccc')

如需获取R语言读取数据的详细操作指南，请访问：https://www.isric.org/accessing-wosis-using-r

引用格式：Batjes N.H、Ribeiro E 与 van Oostrum A.J.M，2019。全球标准化土壤剖面数据集（WoSIS快照——2019年9月版），https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20190901

本数据集配套发表的学术论文如下：Batjes N.H.、Ribeiro E. 与 van Oostrum A.J.M.，2019。支撑全球制图与建模的标准化土壤剖面数据（WoSIS快照——2019版）。《地球系统科学数据》，https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020