Genotype, phenotype and linkage data for Mimulus parishii x M. cardinalis hybrid incompatibility study

The evolution of genomic incompatibilities causing postzygotic barriers to hybridization is a key step in species divergence. Incompatibilities take two general forms – structural divergence between chromosomes leading to severe hybrid sterility in F1 hybrids and epistatic interactions between genes causing reduced fitness of hybrid gametes or zygotes (Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities). Despite substantial recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary origins of both types of incompatibility, how each behaves across multiple generations of hybridization remains relatively unexplored. Here, we use genetic mapping in F2 and RIL hybrid populations between the phenotypically divergent but naturally hybridizing monkeyflowers Mimulus cardinalis and M. parishii to characterize the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibility and examine its changing effects over multiple generations of experimental hybridization. In F2s, we found severe hybrid pollen inviability (&lt..., Study system and plant lines
The plants in this study were all derived from two highly (>10 generations) inbred lines of Sierran M. cardinalis (CE10) and M. parishii (PAR), which were also used in previous investigations of species barriers (Bradshaw et al. 1998; Schemske and Bradshaw 1999; Ramsey et al. 2003; Bradshaw and Schemske 2003; Fishman et al. 2013, 2015; Nelson et al. 2021a). We generated PAR x CE10 F1 hybrids by hand-pollination (with prior emasculation of the PAR seed parent in the bud) and F2 hybrids by self-pollination of F1 hybrids. The F2 hybrids were grown in two separate greenhouse common gardens at the University of Montana (UM-F2; total N = 524) and the University of Connecticut (UC-F2 N = 253), along with parental control lines, and were phenotyped for numerous floral and vegetative traits including the pollen fertility traits presented here. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were generated by single-seed-descent from additional F2 individuals grown at the Universi..., The data are supplied as a multi-sheet Excel workbook. They should be openable by text handlers such as BBedit or similar.

导致杂交合子后生殖障碍的基因组不相容性演化，是物种分化过程中的关键环节。不相容性主要分为两类：一类是染色体结构差异导致F1杂种出现严重雄性不育，另一类是基因间上位性互作引发杂种配子或合子适合度降低（即Dobzhansky-Muller不相容性）。尽管目前针对这两类不相容性的分子机制与演化起源已取得显著研究进展，但二者在多代杂交中的作用模式仍相对未被充分探索。

本研究以表型分化显著但可自然杂交的猴面花属（Mimulus）物种*Mimulus cardinalis*与*M. parishii*的F2和重组自交系（RIL）杂交群体为材料开展遗传定位，以解析杂种不相容性的遗传基础，并探究其在多代实验杂交过程中的效应变化。在F2群体中，我们观测到严重的花粉败育现象（<...>）。

研究系统与植物材料
本研究所用植物均源自两个经10代以上自交的近交系：塞拉利昂山脉的*Mimulus cardinalis*（CE10）与*M. parishii*（PAR），该近交系此前已被多项研究用于物种生殖障碍相关探究（Bradshaw等，1998；Schemske与Bradshaw，1999；Ramsey等，2003；Bradshaw与Schemske，2003；Fishman等，2013、2015；Nelson等，2021a）。我们通过人工授粉获得PAR×CE10的F1杂种（授粉前对作为母本的PAR植株进行蕾期去雄），并通过F1杂种自交获得F2杂种。F2杂种分别种植于蒙大拿大学（UM-F2，总样本量N=524）与康涅狄格大学（UC-F2，样本量N=253）的两个独立温室共培花园中，同时种植亲本对照株系，并对包括本文所呈现的花粉育性性状在内的众多花部与营养性状进行表型鉴定。重组自交系（RIL）通过从种植于某大学[原文此处未完整]的额外F2个体通过单粒传法获得。

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