Large benthic foraminifera, sediment heavy metals, and coastal water environmental parameters in West Likupang, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Sample points (Table 1):
Three sampling points were selected to represent distinct coastal environments: (1) a tourist area, (2) a mangrove area, and (3) a village area (Figure 1, Table 1).

Species of large benthic foraminifera (Tables 2 and 3):
This dataset documents the species and number of individuals (raw counts) of LBF collected from the coastal waters of West Likupang. A total of 147 species were identified, comprising 71 species (48%) represented by more than one specimen (Table 2) and 76 singleton species (52%) (Table 3), representing an aggregate of 326 specimens (250 listed in Table 2 and 76 listed in Table 3).

Genus richness data (Tables 4 and 5):
These tables present genus-level diversity of the large benthic foraminifera (LBF), documenting 83 genera (20 with more than one species represented, Table 4, and 63 with only one species represented, Table 5).

Metal concentration in the sediments (Table 6):
These data include the concentrations of seven metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn, As, and Hg) measured in sediment samples collected from the three sampling points. Cadmium (Cd), Pb, and Hg were detected at all sampling points, with mean ± SD values of 0.04 ± 0.03 mg/kg dry weight, 1.50 ± 0.96 mg/kg dry weight, and 0.18 ± 0.01 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Copper (Cu) and As were detected at two of the three points, with mean concentrations of 0.83 ± 0.29 mg/kg dry weight and 1.83 ± 1.26 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Tin (Sn) was detected at only one sampling point (9.00 mg/kg dry weight), whereas Zn remained below the detection limit of 1.00 mg/kg at all sampling points.

When concentrations were below the detection limit (nd values in Table 6) means and standard deviations were calculated by substituting the nd values with half the detection limit (MDL/2). This approach provides a conservative approximation of central tendency and is widely used in environmental data analysis. However, there are limitations associated with this approach, including potential overestimation or underestimation of true means, particularly in small datasets; therefore, these summary statistics should be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, the reported mean ± SD values only reflect variation among sampling points and do not account for statistical variability at each sampling locality or analytical errors.

Environmental data (Table 7):
This dataset includes measurements of key water quality parameters at the three sampling points. Water temperature ranged from 29.2 to 30.0°C, with a mean ± SD of 29.57 ± 0.41°C, which is typical for tropical coastal waters of Indonesia. Salinity was relatively stable at 34.5 ppt. Dissolved oxygen (DO) varied considerably from 7.95 to 11.45 mg/L, with a mean ± SD of 9.23 ± 1.89 mg/L. The pH ranged from 7.18 to 8.20 (mean ± SD: 7.76 ± 0.52), indicating typical slightly alkaline tropical marine conditions.

采样点位（表1）：
选取3个采样点位以表征不同的海岸生境：(1) 旅游区、(2) 红树林区以及(3) 村落沿岸区（图1、表1）。

大型底栖有孔虫物种信息（表2、表3）：
本数据集记录了从利库庞西部近岸海域采集的大型底栖有孔虫（large benthic foraminifera，LBF）的物种组成及个体原始计数。本次研究共鉴定出147个物种，其中71个物种（占比48%）拥有不止1个标本（表2），另有76个仅含单份标本的物种（占比52%）（表3），总标本量共计326份（表2收录250份，表3收录76份）。

属丰富度数据（表4、表5）：
本部分表格展示了LBF的属水平多样性，共记录到83个属：其中20个属包含不止1个物种（表4），剩余63个属仅包含1个物种（表5）。

沉积物金属浓度数据（表6）：
本数据集包含从3个采样点位采集的沉积物样品中7种金属（镉Cd、铜Cu、铅Pb、锡Sn、锌Zn、砷As、汞Hg）的浓度检测结果。镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）与汞（Hg）在所有采样点位均被检出，其平均值±标准差分别为0.04±0.03 mg/kg（干重）、1.50±0.96 mg/kg（干重）与0.18±0.01 mg/kg（干重）。铜（Cu）与砷（As）在3个点位中的2个被检出，平均浓度分别为0.83±0.29 mg/kg（干重）与1.83±1.26 mg/kg（干重）。锡（Sn）仅在1个采样点位被检出（浓度为9.00 mg/kg干重），而锌（Zn）在所有采样点位的浓度均低于1.00 mg/kg的检出限。

当浓度低于检出限时（表6中以nd表示未检出），统计平均值与标准差时采用将nd值替换为方法检出限一半（MDL/2）的方法。该方法可对集中趋势做出保守估计，在环境数据分析中应用广泛。但该方法存在一定局限性，例如在小数据集场景下可能会对真实平均值造成潜在的高估或低估，因此对该汇总统计量的解读需谨慎。此外，报告的平均值±标准差仅反映采样点位间的变异程度，未考虑单个采样点的统计变异或分析误差。

环境数据（表7）：
本数据集包含3个采样点位的关键水质参数检测结果。水温范围为29.2~30.0°C，平均值±标准差为29.57±0.41°C，符合印尼热带近岸海域的典型水温特征。盐度相对稳定，维持在34.5 ppt。溶解氧（Dissolved Oxygen，DO）波动范围较大，为7.95~11.45 mg/L，平均值±标准差为9.23±1.89 mg/L。pH值范围为7.18~8.20（平均值±标准差：7.76±0.52），表明海域整体呈典型的弱碱性热带海洋环境。