Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini)

Horologion Valentine, one of the rarest and most enigmatic carabid beetle genera in the world, was until now known only from the holotype of Horologion speokoites Valentine, discovered in 1931 in a small cave in West Virginia. A single specimen of a new species from Virginia was collected in 1991, but overlooked until 2018. DNA sequence data from specimens of this new species, Horologion hubbardi sp. nov., collected in 2022 and 2023, as well as a critical examination of the external morphology of both species, allow us to confidently place Horologion in the supertribe Trechitae, within a clade containing Bembidarenini and Trechini. A more specific placement as sister to the Gondwanan Bembidarenini is supported by DNA sequence data. Previous hypotheses placing Horologion in or near the tribes Anillini, Tachyini, Trechini, Patrobini, and Psydrini are rejected. The existence of two species of Horologion on opposite sides of the high mountains of the middle Appalachians suggests that these ..., , , # Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of the enigmatic genus Horologion Valentine, with description of a new species from Bath County, Virginia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Horologionini)

This file is intended to be opened in Mesquite (). Contains DNA sequence data from eight genes, sampled from 259 carabid beetles. Matrices of individual genes and a concatenated matrix, as well as all trees resulting from analyses of this data, are included.

When opened in Mesquite, it displays six tabs. The \"Taxa\" tab includes a list of the 259 beetles and their associated voucher codes, as well as GenBank accession numbers for each of the sequences obtained. The \"Character matrices\" tab is a list of the matrices of DNA sequence data in the file. The user may view each of these by right clicking and selecting \"Show\". The \"Tree blocks\" tab includes a list of trees obtained from maximum likelihood analysis of the DNA sequence data in the file. The last on the list is a block of hypothetical tr...

Horologion Valentine 是全球最为珍稀且神秘的步甲科（Carabidae）甲虫属之一，此前仅记载过1931年在西弗吉尼亚州一处小型洞穴中发现的*Horologion speokoites Valentine*正模标本（holotype）。1991年采自弗吉尼亚州的一个新物种（sp. nov.）的单一标本曾被忽视，直至2018年才被重新重视。2022年与2023年采集的该新物种（*Horologion hubbardi* sp. nov.）标本的DNA序列数据，结合对两个物种外部形态的关键检视，使我们得以确凿地将*Horologion*归入特雷奇甲超族（Trechitae），该超族包含Bembidarenini与Trechini两个族级演化支（clade）。DNA序列数据支持其更为具体的分类地位：作为冈瓦纳起源的Bembidarenini的姊妹群。此前将*Horologion*置于Anillini、Tachyini、Trechini、Patrobini及Psydrini族或其近缘类群的分类假说均被推翻。*Horologion*的两个物种分布在阿巴拉契亚山脉中部高海拔山地的两侧，这一分布格局暗示……。
> 数据来源：《神秘类群Horologion Valentine的系统发育系统学研究——兼记弗吉尼亚州巴思县一新种》（鞘翅目：步甲科：Trechinae亚科，Horologionini族）

本文件可通过梅斯基特（Mesquite）软件打开，包含来自8个基因的DNA序列数据，采样自259头步甲科甲虫。文件中包含单个基因的特征矩阵、串联矩阵，以及基于该数据开展分析得到的所有系统发育树。

在梅斯基特中打开该文件时，将显示6个标签页。"Taxa"标签页列出了259头甲虫及其对应的凭证标本编号（voucher codes），以及所获得的每条序列的基因银行（GenBank）登录号。"Character matrices"标签页列出了文件中所有DNA序列数据矩阵，用户可通过右键点击并选择“Show”来查看每个矩阵。"Tree blocks"标签页列出了基于文件中DNA序列数据开展最大似然分析（maximum likelihood analysis）得到的系统发育树，列表中的最后一个为假想的……。