Plastic shifts in thermal preference and thermoregulation strategy across ontogeny in an invasive fly

#### Publication title: Plastic shifts in thermal preference and thermoregulation strategy across ontogeny in an invasive fly #### Publication authors: Author1, Author2, Author3 #### Code author: Anonymous #### Last Update: April 2026 This repository houses the code (TpSuz_code.R) and data sets that were used for the article ‘Plastic shifts in thermal preference and thermoregulation strategy across ontogeny in an invasive fly’. ABSTRACT Behavioural thermoregulation allows ectotherms to escape extreme or seek optimal temperatures. Its precision can impact survival and fitness under changing conditions and its plasticity can be an adaptive strategy when the plasticity of thermal limits is insufficient to buffer against warming. We explore the developmental and intergenerational plasticity of behavioural thermoregulation strategies using the invasive fly Drosophila suzukii, including Wolbachia-infected individuals. We measured the plasticity of its thermal preference (Tp) and used its mean (thermal need) and variance (thermoregulation precision) to assess thermoregulation strategies. Typically, mean Tp increased with developmental temperature as well as the precision in temperature selection. Tp differed between life stages (higher in larvae and females than in males), reflecting different thermal needs. Wolbachia infection was associated with a reduction of Tp in adults but an increase in larvae, associated with a shift of the thermoregulation strategy with higher precision at intermediate Tp. Modulation of Tp may represent a mechanism for coping with changing or novel environmental conditions, opening new perspectives as to whether plasticity in Tp is adaptive under natural conditions, whether such plasticity facilitates colonisation or persistence during range expansion, and whether Tp plasticity itself evolves during range expansion. R session info: - R version 2026.01.1+403 - Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit) - Running under: macOS 26.3.1 Metadata for the data files are supplied below: #data folder Contains .csv files with raw data for larvae (TP_LARVES_GX.csv) and adults (TP_M_GX.csv) of Drosophila suzukii with X is number corresponding to the generation. Columns of the files: - ID: Unique ID of the larvae or adults - Ramp: Lane of the thermal gradient in which the measurement was done - Date: Date of the measurement - E_temp: Temperature treatment (developmental temperature) - 16, 20, 24, 16–24 or 18–22 °C - Age: Life stage of the individual - L3, J3, J13 - Wol: Infection status - Wolbachia infected (W+) or uninfected (W–) - Sex: Sex of the individual - None = larvae, F = female, M = male - Dist: Position in the lane of the thermal gradient, in cm, measured from the left end - Tp: Thermal preference - calculated with a specific equation for each lane of the thermal gradient - Gradient: Gradient used to measure the Tp - D or G - Repro: Reproductive status of the individuals - Female_V, Female_F, Male data folder also contains .png images that are used in the figures #outcome folder Contains .png images corresponding to the figures of the article. For any inquiries or bugs, please contact corresponding author (added later)### 论文标题：入侵性果蝇个体发育过程中热偏好与体温调节策略的可塑性变化 ### 论文作者：Author1、Author2、Author3 ### 代码作者：匿名 ### 最后更新时间：2026年4月 本代码仓库包含本文《入侵性果蝇个体发育过程中热偏好与体温调节策略的可塑性变化》所使用的代码（TpSuz_code.R）与数据集。 ### 摘要 行为体温调节可帮助变温动物规避极端温度或寻求适宜温度。该调节过程的精度会影响变温动物在环境变化下的存活与适合度；当热极限的可塑性不足以缓冲气候变暖的影响时，行为体温调节的可塑性可作为一种适应性策略。 本研究以入侵性果蝇斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）为研究对象，包含感染沃尔巴克氏体（Wolbachia）的个体，探讨其行为体温调节策略的发育可塑性与代际可塑性。我们测定了其热偏好（thermal preference，Tp）的可塑性，并通过热偏好的均值（又称热需求）与方差（又称体温调节精度）来评估其体温调节策略。 通常而言，热偏好均值会随发育温度升高而增加，温度选择的精度也会同步提升。不同生命阶段的热偏好存在差异：幼虫与雌性个体的热偏好高于雄性，这反映了不同生命阶段的热需求存在区别。 沃尔巴克氏体感染与成虫的热偏好降低相关，但与幼虫的热偏好升高相关；同时，感染沃尔巴克氏体会使体温调节策略发生转变，在中等热偏好水平下具备更高的调节精度。 热偏好的调控或许是应对环境变化或新生境的一种机制，这为以下问题提供了新的研究视角：自然条件下热偏好的可塑性是否具有适应性？这类可塑性是否有助于物种在分布范围扩张过程中完成定殖与存续？以及热偏好的可塑性本身是否会在分布范围扩张过程中发生演化？ ### R运行环境信息 - R版本：2026.01.1+403 - 平台：x86_64-apple-darwin17.0（64位） - 运行系统：macOS 26.3.1 ### 数据文件元数据 #### data文件夹 内含斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）幼虫（TP_LARVES_GX.csv）与成虫（TP_M_GX.csv）的原始数据CSV文件，其中X代表对应世代的编号。该文件夹同时包含论文插图所用的PNG格式图片。 ##### 文件列说明 - ID：幼虫或成虫的唯一标识符 - Ramp：温度梯度平板的测定通道编号 - Date：测定日期 - E_temp：温度处理条件（即发育温度），取值为16、20、24、16–24或18–22 ℃ - Age：个体生命阶段，可选值为L3、J3、J13 - Wol：感染状态，分为沃尔巴克氏体感染（W+）与未感染（W–） - Sex：个体性别，无对应值代表幼虫，F为雌性，M为雄性 - Dist：温度梯度平板通道内的位置，单位为厘米，以通道左端为零点 - Tp：热偏好值，依据温度梯度平板各通道的专属计算公式得到 - Gradient：用于测定热偏好的温度梯度类型，取值为D或G - Repro：个体生殖状态，可选值为Female_V、Female_F、Male #### outcome文件夹 内含与论文插图对应的PNG格式图片文件。 如有任何疑问或发现程序漏洞，请联系通讯作者（后续补充）