Agriculture Product Types Ontology (APTO)

APTO This is a copy of the normative document for the Agriculture Product Types Ontology (APTO) for citation only. For recent discussions and updates, please see the GitHub repo. APTO is an ontology of types, meaning it does not contain individuals and is intended as a classification system for agricultural commodities price index databases in Brazil. Distributions This normative document in HTML apto.owl Services for browsing the ontology: Text search (search entities by labels and comments) Virtuoso (query the ontology using SPARQL) Normative Namespaces Prefix Namespace IRI apto https://w3id.org/APTO# ro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_ bco http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BCO_ owl http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# rdf http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# sdo https://schema.org/ xml http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# gbif https://www.gbif.org/species/ rdfs http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# skos http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# agrovoc http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/ agrotermos https://sistemas.sede.embrapa.br/agrotermos/resources/ This ontology contains labels and comments in both Portuguese and English. There are two main modules: :Organism and :Product_type. :Organism Module The :Organism class contains subclasses that represent the taxonomy of species related to the production of given product types. It imports taxonomic information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Backbone Taxonomy via API. :Product_type Module The :Product_type class has six main subclasses organized into major groups: :Inorganic_compound :Animal_product :Plant_product :Raw_product :Processed_product :By-product The :Animal_product and :Plant_product classes include subclasses indicating the type of processing the product has undergone. These subclasses are also children of :Raw_product, :Processed_product, and :By-product. Object Properties APTO defines nine object properties: :has_ingredient and :is_ingredient_of (inverse properties): Indicate that a product type is used in the manufacturing of a processed product type (e.g., :Cow_cheese :has_ingredient :Cow_milk). :derives_from and :derives_in (inverse properties, imported from the Relations Ontology (RO)): Indicate that a product type originates from another product type (e.g., :Cocoa_almond :derives_from :Cocoa). :member_of_taxon (imported from the Biological Collections Ontology (BCO)): Indicates that an organismal entity belongs to a taxon (e.g., :Pacu :member_of_taxon :Piaractus_mesopotamicus). :produced_by and :produces (inverse properties, imported from RO): Indicate that an organismal entity produces a given type of product. For example, :Cotton :produced_by :Cotton_plant, and :Cotton_plant :member_of_taxon :Gossypium. If only the final product is listed in commodity databases and the rest of the organism holds no commercial value, the product is linked directly to the taxon (e.g., :Pineapple :produced_by :Ananas_comosus). :residue_of: Indicates that a by-product is the residue of manufacturing another product (e.g., :Whey :residue_of :Cheese). :is_a_hybrid_of: Specific to the :Organism subclasses, indicating a hybrid of two species (e.g., :Citrus_aurantium :is_a_hybrid_of ( :Citrus_reticulata and :Citrus_maxima )). Data and Annotation Properties APTO does not include any data properties. Default annotation properties from OWL and RDF are used, with SKOS vocabulary imported to indicate alternative labels for the classes. Availability and Licensing APTO is available both in a user-friendly browser and as an OWL file.本文件为农业产品类型本体（Agriculture Product Types Ontology，简称APTO）的规范性文档副本，仅用于引用。如需了解最新讨论与更新，请查看其GitHub仓库。APTO是一款面向类型的本体，不包含个体实例，旨在作为巴西农产品价格指数数据库的分类体系。 ### 分发资源 本规范性文档为HTML格式，配套文件为`apto.owl`。 ### 本体浏览服务 - 文本搜索：基于标签与注释检索实体 - Virtuoso：通过SPARQL查询本体 ### 标准命名空间 | 前缀 | 命名空间IRI | | ---- | ---- | | apto | https://w3id.org/APTO# | | ro | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_ | | bco | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BCO_ | | owl | http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# | | rdf | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# | | sdo | https://schema.org/ | | xml | http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace | | xsd | http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# | | gbif | https://www.gbif.org/species/ | | rdfs | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# | | skos | http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# | | agrovoc | http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/ | | agrotermos | https://sistemas.sede.embrapa.br/agrotermos/resources/ | 本本体同时包含葡萄牙语与英语的标签及注释，共设有两个核心模块：`:Organism`模块与`:Product_type`模块。 #### `:Organism`模块 `:Organism`类包含若干子类，用于表征与特定产品类型生产相关的物种分类学信息。该模块通过API从全球生物多样性信息设施（Global Biodiversity Information Facility，简称GBIF）的核心分类体系中导入分类学数据。 #### `:Product_type`模块 `:Product_type`类包含六大核心子类，归为以下类别： - `:Inorganic_compound`（无机化合物） - `:Animal_product`（动物源产品） - `:Plant_product`（植物源产品） - `:Raw_product`（初级产品） - `:Processed_product`（加工产品） - `:By-product`（副产物） `Animal_product`（动物源产品）与`Plant_product`（植物源产品）类包含若干子类，用于表征产品所经历的加工类型。这些子类同时隶属于`:Raw_product`、`:Processed_product`与`:By-product`。 #### 对象属性 APTO共定义九项对象属性： 1. `:has_ingredient`与`:is_ingredient_of`（互为逆属性）：用于表明某一产品类型被用于某一加工产品的生产制造中，例如`:Cow_cheese :has_ingredient :Cow_milk`（牛奶酪以牛奶为原料）。 2. `:derives_from`与`:derives_in`（互为逆属性，从关系本体（Relations Ontology，简称RO）导入）：用于表明某一产品类型源自另一产品类型，例如`:Cocoa_almond :derives_from :Cocoa`（可可杏仁源自可可）。 3. `:member_of_taxon`（从生物标本本体（Biological Collections Ontology，简称BCO）导入）：用于表明某一生物实体隶属于某一分类单元，例如`:Pacu :member_of_taxon :Piaractus_mesopotamicus`（脂鲤隶属于细鳞脂鲤）。 4. `:produced_by`与`:produces`（互为逆属性，从RO导入）：用于表明某一生物实体可生产某一特定类型的产品。例如`:Cotton :produced_by :Cotton_plant`（棉花由棉花植株产出），且`:Cotton_plant :member_of_taxon :Gossypium`（棉花植株隶属于棉属）。若商品数据库中仅记录最终产品，且该生物的其余部分无商业价值，则可将产品直接与分类单元关联，例如`:Pineapple :produced_by :Ananas_comosus`（菠萝由凤梨产出）。 5. `:residue_of`：用于表明某一副产物为另一产品生产过程中的残渣，例如`:Whey :residue_of :Cheese`（乳清为奶酪生产的残渣）。 6. `:is_a_hybrid_of`：仅适用于`:Organism`模块的子类，用于表明某一物种为两个物种的杂交品种，例如`:Citrus_aurantium :is_a_hybrid_of ( :Citrus_reticulata and :Citrus_maxima )`（酸橙为橘与柚的杂交品种）。 #### 数据属性与注释属性 APTO未定义任何数据属性。其采用OWL与RDF的默认注释属性，并导入SKOS词汇表以实现类的多标签标注。 #### 可用性与许可协议 APTO可通过友好的浏览器界面及OWL文件两种形式获取。