Data from: Evolutionary relationships among pollinators and repeated pollinator sharing in sexually deceptive orchids

The mechanism of pollinator attraction is predicted to strongly influence both plant diversification and the extent of pollinator sharing between species. Sexually deceptive orchids rely on mimicry of species-specific sex pheromones to attract their insect pollinators. Given that sex pheromones tend to be conserved among related species, we predicted that in sexually deceptive orchids, (i) pollinator sharing is rare, (ii) closely related orchids use closely related pollinators and (iii) there is strong bias in the wasp lineages exploited by orchids. We focused on species that are pollinated by sexual deception of thynnine wasps in the distantly related genera Caladenia and Drakaea, including new field observations for 45 species of Caladenia. Specialization was extreme with most orchids using a single pollinator species. Unexpectedly, seven cases of pollinator sharing were found, including two between Caladenia and Drakaea, which exhibit strikingly different floral morphology. Phylogenetic analysis of pollinators using four nuclear sequence loci demonstrated that although orchids within major clades primarily use closely related pollinator species, up to 17% of orchids within these clades are pollinated by a member of a phylogenetically distant wasp genus. Further, compared to the total diversity of thynnine wasps within the study region, orchids show a strong bias towards exploiting certain genera. Although these patterns may arise through conservatism in the chemical classes used in sex pheromones, apparent switches between wasp clades suggest unexpected flexibility in floral semiochemical production. Alternatively, wasp sex pheromones within lineages may exhibit greater chemical diversity than currently appreciated.,Phillips et al CAD DRYADAlignment of the CAD sequence locus. Used for phylogenetic analysisPhillips et al COI DRYADAlignment of the COI sequence locus. Used for DNA barcoding analysis of thynnine waspsPhillips et al Rhodopsin DRYADAlignment of the LW Rhodopsin sequence locus. Used in phylogenetic analysis of thynnine waspsPhillips et al RNA pol2 DRYADDNA sequence alignment of the RNA poly2 sequence locus. Used in phylogenetic analysis of thynnine waspsPhillips et al Wingless DRYADDNA sequence alignment of the Wingless sequence locus. Used in phylogenetic analysis of thynnine wasps,

传粉者吸引机制被预测会强烈影响植物的物种分化以及物种间传粉者共享的程度。性欺骗型兰科植物（sexually deceptive orchids）依靠模拟物种特异性性信息素来吸引其昆虫传粉者。鉴于性信息素在近缘物种间通常较为保守，我们预测在性欺骗型兰科植物中：（1）传粉者共享现象较为罕见；（2）近缘的兰科植物会利用近缘的传粉者；（3）兰科植物对土蜂科蜂类（thynnine wasps）的类群存在较强的偏好性。本研究聚焦于通过模拟土蜂科蜂类实现传粉的、亲缘关系较远的萼柱兰属（Caladenia）与锤兰属（Drakaea）物种，同时纳入了45种萼柱兰属的全新野外观测数据。研究发现物种特化程度极高，多数兰科植物仅利用单一传粉者物种。出乎意料的是，本次研究共发现7起传粉者共享案例，其中2起发生在萼柱兰属与锤兰属之间，二者的花部形态存在显著差异。基于4个核序列位点开展的传粉者系统发育分析显示，尽管属于主要演化支的兰科植物主要利用近缘的传粉者物种，但这些演化支中最高可达17%的兰科植物的传粉者来自系统发育关系较远的土蜂属。进一步对比研究区域内土蜂科蜂类的总物种多样性，兰科植物对特定土蜂属存在显著的利用偏好。尽管这些模式可能源于性信息素所用化学类别的保守性，但土蜂类群间的表观演化切换表明，兰科植物的花部信息化合物合成存在未被预期的灵活性。或者，不同类群土蜂的性信息素可能比当前认知中具有更高的化学多样性。

Phillips等人的CAD序列数据集：DRYAD数据库中的CAD序列位点比对文件，用于传粉者的系统发育分析。
Phillips等人的COI序列数据集：DRYAD数据库中的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）序列位点比对文件，用于土蜂科蜂类的DNA条形码分析。
Phillips等人的长波视蛋白序列数据集：DRYAD数据库中的长波视蛋白（LW Rhodopsin）序列位点比对文件，用于土蜂科蜂类的系统发育分析。
Phillips等人的RNA聚合酶II序列数据集：DRYAD数据库中的RNA聚合酶II（RNA pol2）序列位点DNA比对文件，用于土蜂科蜂类的系统发育分析。
Phillips等人的无翅基因序列数据集：DRYAD数据库中的无翅基因（Wingless）序列位点DNA比对文件，用于土蜂科蜂类的系统发育分析。