Assessment and Management of Vaginal Bleeding during Pregnancy by Healthcare Professionals in a Teaching Hospital in Southeast Nigeria

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is a critical obstetric complication that demands prompt and effective management to ensure maternal and fetal health. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and management strategies of healthcare professionals addressing vaginal bleeding during pregnancy in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria, involving 125 healthcare professionals (obstetricians, resident doctors, midwives, and nurses). Stratified random sampling ensured representation across cadres. A structured, validated questionnaire collected data on knowledge, attitudes, practices, and challenges. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Participants demonstrated high awareness of vaginal bleeding causes (e.g., placenta previa: 19.22%, miscarriage: 26.33%). Most (84.80%) were aware of FIGO guidelines. Confidence in managing cases was high (61.60% very confident), with 100% conducting follow-ups for treated patients. Challenges included delays in patient presentation (45.53%) and financial constraints (26.42%). Recommendations for improving care included better diagnostic tools (20.74%) and financial assistance (36.70%). Healthcare professionals showed commendable knowledge and adherence to guidelines but faced systemic challenges. Enhanced training, resource allocation, and updated clinical protocols could improve outcomes. Findings align with previous studies highlighting similar knowledge gaps and systemic challenges in resource-limited settings.妊娠期阴道出血是一类需及时采取有效干预措施以保障母婴健康的危急产科并发症。本研究以尼日利亚东南部某教学医院的医护人员为研究对象，评估其对妊娠期阴道出血的认知水平、诊疗态度、临床实践及管理策略。本研究采用描述性横断面研究设计，共纳入125名医护人员，包括产科医师、住院医师、助产士及护士。研究通过分层随机抽样法，确保不同职称层级的人员均具有代表性。采用经过信效度检验的结构化问卷收集数据，内容涵盖认知、态度、临床实践及工作挑战。所有数据均采用描述性统计学方法进行分析。受试者对妊娠期阴道出血的病因具备较高认知度（例如：前置胎盘占比19.22%，流产占比26.33%）。其中84.80%的受试者了解国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）指南。受试者对病例处置的信心度较高，61.60%的受试者表示“非常有信心”，且所有受试者均会对接受治疗的患者开展随访工作。受试者面临的主要挑战包括患者就诊延迟（占比45.53%）及经费限制（占比26.42%）。针对优化诊疗护理服务的建议包括配备更优质的诊断工具（占比20.74%）及提供经费支持（占比36.70%）。本研究结果显示，参与调研的医护人员具备值得肯定的认知水平与指南依从性，但仍面临诸多系统性挑战。加强针对性培训、优化医疗资源配置以及更新临床诊疗规范，有助于改善妊娠期阴道出血的临床结局。本研究结果与既往研究结论一致，均指出资源受限的医疗环境下存在类似的认知缺口及系统性挑战。