Diversity of parasitoid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera) in oilseed rape fields in Serbia

Oilseed rape is an important crop grown worldwide and used for various purposes, including oil extraction and animal feed. In Europe, there are six major pest species and several other minor pests that can significantly affect oilseed rape production, requiring growers to effectively control them in order to ensure crop yield. The host-parasitoid complexes of these pests have been studied in detail and recorded mainly in western, central and northern Europe. As an abundant source of pollen and nectar, oilseed rape may also be attractive to other parasitoids that do not have direct trophic interactions with oilseed rape pest species. The aim of this study is to fill the knowledge gap regarding the wider parasitoid community in oilseed rape fields, particularly in southern Europe. During the two-year study, a total of 3135 specimens of primary and secondary parasitoids were sampled, of which 2855 were found in oilseed rape fields and 280 in semi-natural habitats. We found 153 taxa, of which 119 were found in oilseed rape fields and 87 in semi-natural habitats. We identified 31 genera (33 species) as parasitoids of oilseed rape pests, 54 genera (97 species) parasitising non-pest species and 10 genera (23 species) as possible parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. This study shows that the parasitoid community in oilseed rape fields is very diverse and that includes parasitoids of both oilseed rape pest and non-pest species.油菜（Oilseed rape）是全球广泛种植的重要经济作物，具备多种用途，可用于榨油及制作动物饲料。在欧洲，共有6种主要害虫及多种次要害虫会严重影响油菜生产，种植者需对其进行有效防控以保障作物产量。针对此类害虫的寄主-寄生蜂复合体的相关研究已较为深入，相关记录主要集中于西欧、中欧与北欧地区。由于油菜是花粉与花蜜的丰富来源，其也可能吸引那些与油菜害虫不存在直接营养互作关系的其他寄生蜂类群。本研究旨在填补针对油菜田更广范围寄生蜂群落的研究空白，尤其是南欧地区的相关研究空白。 在为期两年的研究中，研究人员共采集到3135头初级与次级寄生蜂标本，其中2855头采自油菜田，280头采自半自然生境。本次研究共记录到153个分类单元，其中119个发现于油菜田，87个发现于半自然生境。经鉴定，有31个属（33个物种）为油菜害虫的寄生蜂，54个属（97个物种）寄生于非害虫类群，另有10个属（23个物种）为潜在的油菜害虫寄生蜂类群。本研究表明，油菜田的寄生蜂群落具有极高的多样性，其类群既包含油菜害虫的寄生蜂，也涵盖非害虫类群的寄生蜂。