Child and household characteristics by country and survey year (%).

†p<0.05; ‡ p<0.001 for chi-square test of difference between 2000 and 2004 aGhana: over 5 km from household; Malawi: more than 2 hr walk (2000) or over 5 km (2004); Tanzania: over 5 km (2000) or more than 2 hr walk (2004).