Size at metamorphosis

We measured size at metamorphosis of Bufo japonicus in the field. We then examined evolutionary response by employing a common garden experiment. Field survey During the metamorphosing season (between April and September) of 2023 and 2024, we visited multiple locations with water bodies in Kanto region, Japan. Individuals that had recently undergone metamorphosis, specifically those with fully absorbed tails (Gosner’s stage 46; Gosner 1960) and found at the water's edge, were captured. We removed moisture from the specimens with paper towels and immediately weighed each individual on a handy scale (MS-50, CUSTOM, Japan) to the nearest 1 mg as size at metamorphosis. Following the completion of measurements, the individuals were promptly released back to their original locations. Common garden experiment We wrote about common garden method in this file.我们在野外测定了日本蟾蜍（Bufo japonicus）的变态发育体型，并通过同质园实验（common garden experiment）探究其进化响应。 野外调查 2023年与2024年的变态季（4月至9月）期间，我们在日本关东地区的多处水域生境开展调查。捕获刚完成变态的个体，即尾部已完全吸收的个体（戈斯纳发育阶段46（Gosner’s stage 46）；Gosner, 1960），且这些个体均发现于水边。使用吸水纸拭去标本表面水分后，立即使用日本CUSTOM公司生产的MS-50型便携天平对每只个体称重，精度可达1毫克，以此作为变态发育体型的测量指标。测量完成后，我们迅速将所有个体放归至原捕获地点。 同质园实验 我们在本文件中详述了同质园实验方法。