Robustness of results and conclusions of the analyses.

Note: Lowest value = lowest mean estimate from all analyses (r-oRE; osr, r-oFE, t&f r-o, smmr-o, smsr-o, and PET-PEESE; we did not include the p-uniform values due to the lack of convergence with the results of the other, more established methods; likely due to the poor performance of this method with heterogeneous data [47]); r-oRE = random-effects weighted mean observed correlation (the potentially best mean estimate); Highest value = highest mean estimate from all analyses (r-oRE; osr, r-oFE, t&f r-o, smmr-o, smsr-o, PET-PEESE); BRE = Baseline range estimate: the absolute range between r-oRE and the estimate farthest away (either the lowest or highest value); MRE = Maximum range estimate: the absolute range between the lowest or highest value. When calculating the relative difference of the range estimates, we used r-oRE, the potentially best mean estimate, as the base (i.e., as 100%). Ideally, BRE and MRE should be identical. If not, outliers or other artifacts may have caused such differences. Practical difference: negligible = if the relative range (BRE or MRE) is smaller than 20%; moderate = if the relative range (BRE or MRE) is larger than 20%; large = if the relative range (BRE or MRE) is larger than 40% [33]. We note that, in a few instances, the range estimates are not necessarily comparable when the severe selection model did not provide a sensible solution (indicated by n/a in Table 1). For these distributions, the range estimates may be smaller in their magnitude when compared to distributions where the full range of estimates is available.a Conclusions of a negligible difference indicate that the meta-analytic mean estimate (i.e., r-oRE) is likely to be robust. Conclusions of a moderate, moderate to large, or large difference indicates that the meta-analytic mean estimate (i.e., r-oRE) is likely to be non-robust and could be misestimated (i.e., r-oRE could be under- or overestimated; typically overestimated in our analyses).b = value from r-oRE;c = value from osr, r-oFE;d = value from t&f r-o;e = value from smmr-o;f = value from smsr-o;g = value from PET-PEESE (value from PEESE if the PET value was significant, value from PET if it was not significant).Robustness of results and conclusions of the analyses.