Vertical land motion due to present-day ice loss from Greenland’s and Canada’s peripheral glaciers

Greenland's bedrock responds to the ongoing loss of ice mass with an elastic vertical land motion (VLM) that is measured by Greenland's GNSS Network (GNET). The measured VLM also contains other contributions, including the long-term viscoelastic response of the Earth to previous deglaciation.
Greenland’s ice sheet (GrIS) is producing the most significant contribution to the total VLM. The contribution of peripheral glaciers (PGs) from both Greenland (GrPGs) and Arctic Canada (CanPGs) has not been carefully accounted for in the GNSS time series analysis. This is a significant concern, since GNET stations are often closer to PGs than to the ice sheet. 
We find that PGs produce significant elastic rebound, especially in North and East Greenland. Across these regions, the PGs result in up to 37% of the elastic rebound. For a few stations in the North, the VLM from PGs is larger than the GrIS one., We estimate daily GNSS site coordinates using the GipsyX software package version GipsyX-2.0 developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and released in December 2019 (Landerer et al., 2020). We use JPL final orbit products, which include satellite orbits, satellite clock parameters, and Earth orientation parameters. The orbit products take the satellite antenna phase center offsets into account. The atmospheric delay parameters are modeled using the Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1) with VMF1grid nominals (Boehm et al., 2006). Corrections are applied to remove the solid Earth tide and ocean tidal loading. The amplitudes and phases of the main ocean tidal loading terms are calculated using the Automatic Loading Provider (http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading/) applied to the FES2014b ocean tide model (Carrère et al., 2016), including correction for the center of mass motion of the Earth due to the ocean tides. The site coordinates are computed in the IGS14 frame (Altamimi et al., 2016..., , # Vertical land motion due to present-day ice loss from Greenland’s and Canada’s peripheral glaciers

[Access this dataset on Dryad](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9zw3r22n0)

We estimate daily GNSS site coordinates using the GipsyX software package version GipsyX-2.0 developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and released in December 2019 (Landerer et al., 2020). We use JPL final orbit products, which include satellite orbits, satellite clock parameters, and Earth orientation parameters. The orbit products take the satellite antenna phase center offsets into account. The atmospheric delay parameters are modeled using the Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1) with VMF1grid nominals (Boehm et al., 2006). Corrections are applied to remove the solid Earth tide and ocean tidal loading. The amplitudes and phases of the main ocean tidal loading terms are calculated using the Automatic Loading Provider (http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading/) applied to the FES2014b ocean tide model (Carrère et ...

格陵兰基岩会因持续的冰量损失产生弹性垂直陆地运动（vertical land motion, VLM），该运动可通过格陵兰全球导航卫星系统网络（Greenland GNSS Network, GNET）进行观测。实测的VLM还包含其他贡献项，例如地球对末次冰消期的长期黏弹性响应。

格陵兰冰盖（Greenland Ice Sheet, GrIS）对总VLM的贡献最为显著。而来自格陵兰周边冰川（Greenland peripheral glaciers, GrPGs）与加拿大北极地区周边冰川（Canadian Arctic peripheral glaciers, CanPGs）的贡献，在GNSS时间序列分析中尚未得到充分考量。鉴于GNET测站通常距周边冰川较冰盖更近，这一问题尤为值得关注。

研究发现，周边冰川会引发显著的弹性回弹，尤其在格陵兰北部与东部区域。在这些区域中，周边冰川贡献的弹性回弹占比最高可达37%。在北部的部分测站，周边冰川引发的VLM甚至超过了格陵兰冰盖的贡献。

本研究采用美国喷气推进实验室（Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL）开发并于2019年12月发布的GipsyX-2.0软件包，估算每日GNSS测站坐标（Landerer et al., 2020）。我们使用JPL最终轨道产品，该产品包含卫星轨道、卫星钟差参数与地球定向参数，并已考虑卫星天线相位中心偏移量。大气延迟参数采用维也纳映射函数1（Vienna Mapping Function 1, VMF1）结合VMF1网格标称值进行建模（Boehm et al., 2006）。我们通过校正处理移除了固体潮与海洋潮汐负荷的影响。主要海洋潮汐负荷项的振幅与相位，通过自动负荷服务平台（Automatic Loading Provider, http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading/）结合FES2014b海洋潮汐模型计算得到（Carrère et al., 2016），其中包含了海洋潮汐引发的地球质心运动校正。测站坐标采用IGS14参考框架进行解算（Altamimi 等，2016...）

# 基于格陵兰与加拿大周边冰川现代冰损失的垂直陆地运动

[在Dryad数据库获取本数据集](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9zw3r22n0)

本研究采用美国喷气推进实验室（Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL）开发并于2019年12月发布的GipsyX-2.0软件包，估算每日GNSS测站坐标（Landerer et al., 2020）。我们使用JPL最终轨道产品，该产品包含卫星轨道、卫星钟差参数与地球定向参数，并已考虑卫星天线相位中心偏移量。大气延迟参数采用维也纳映射函数1（Vienna Mapping Function 1, VMF1）结合VMF1网格标称值进行建模（Boehm et al., 2006）。我们通过校正处理移除了固体潮与海洋潮汐负荷的影响。主要海洋潮汐负荷项的振幅与相位，通过自动负荷服务平台（Automatic Loading Provider, http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading/）结合FES2014b海洋潮汐模型计算得到（Carrère 等，...）