PIANO (Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn) - Radiosonde data set
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> This is the data set of radiosondes launched at Innsbruck Airport in the Inn Valley, Austria, and at Patsch in the Wipp Valley during the field campaign of the research project PIANO (Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn) in fall and early winter 2017. The goal of the campaign was to study the erosion of cold air pools during south foehn and the associated foehn breakthrough at the valley floor in the vicinity of Innsbruck as well as the subsequent foehn breakdown. The campaign comprises seven Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs), more specifically six south foehn events (IOP 2 to IOP 7) and one west foehn (IOP 1). Soundings were only performed during IOPs, except for the operational soundings conducted once per day at Innsbruck Airport. <strong>DATA SET DESCRIPTION</strong> <strong>1. Spatial coverage and locations</strong> Radiosonde ascents were conducted during the PIANO field campaign at Innsbruck Airport (ICAO code LOWI) in the Inn Valley and at the village of Patsch in the Wipp Valley. The coordinates and heights of the radiosonde launch sites are: Innsbruck Airport: 47.2598°N, 11.3553°E, 578 m MSL Patsch: 47.2093°N, 11.4097°E, 962 m MSL <strong>2. Temporal coverage</strong> The PIANO field campaign took place in fall and early winter 2017. Provided are radiosonde data for Innsbruck Airport for the period from 01 October to 12 December 2017 and for Patsch for the period from 04 November to 11 December 2017. The soundings at Innsbruck Airport were conducted operationally once per day at 0215 UTC before 03 November and at 0315 UTC afterwards. In addition to these operational soundings, specific soundings were conducted during IOPs several times per day both at Innbsruck Airport and at Patsch. <strong>3. Instrument details</strong> <strong>Sounding system at Innsbruck Airport</strong> The soundings at Innsbruck Airport were conducted by the aviation weather service Austro Control with an automatic radiosonde launcher (Vaisala Autosonde AS14) and with Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. <strong>Sounding system at Patsch</strong> The soundings at Patsch were conducted with a GRAW mobile ground station GS-H and with GRAW DFM-09 radiosondes. For initializing the radiosonde, surface pressure was measured with the barometer BM35 from Meteolabor. <strong>Time and measurement interval</strong> Time in the data files is in UTC. The measurement interval is 2 seconds for the soundings at Innsbruck Airport and 1 second for the soundings at Patsch. <strong>4. Data file structure</strong> <strong>File format</strong> Provided are data in netCDF format. NetCDF files are zipped together into zip files. <strong>Zip files</strong> LOWI.zip contains netCDF files of all soundings conducted at Innsbruck Airport (ICAO code LOWI). PATSCH.zip contains netCDF files of all soundings conducted at the village of Patsch. <strong>Data</strong> Each netCDF file contains data of one sounding. File names contain information on the launch site (LOWI or PATSCH) and the launch date/time in UTC. The following wildcard characters are used in the file examples below: yyyy - year; mm - month, dd - day, HH - hour, MM - minute. LOWI_yyyymmdd_HHMM.nc is a netCDF file that contains data of radiosondes launched at Innsbruck Airport (ICAO code LOWI). PATSCH_yyyymmdd_HHMM.nc is a netCDF file that contains data of radiosondes launched at the village of Patsch. <strong>5. Publications</strong> Radiosonde data of the PIANO campaign have been used in two case studies of IOP 2 (Haid et al. 2020, Umek et al. 2021). Other types of PIANO data have been analyzed by Muschinski (2019) and Muschinski et al. (2020). <strong>6. Contact</strong> Contact alexander.gohm (at) uibk.ac.at for any questions regarding the data set. <strong>7. Acknowledgements</strong> The PIANO field campaign was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the Weiss Science Foundation under Grant P29746-N32, by KIT IMK-IFU, Austro Control GmbH, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), the Hydrographic Service of Tyrol, Innsbrucker Kommunalbetriebe AG (IKB), Bergisel Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., Innsbrucker Nordkettenbahnen Betriebs GmbH, T-Mobile Austria GmbH, Unser Lagerhaus Warenhandelsgesellschaft, PEMA Immobilien GmbH, HTL Anichstraße, Hilton Innsbruck, TINETZ-Tiroler Netze GmbH, Land Tirol, and the communities Patsch and Völs. <strong>8. References</strong> Haid, M., A. Gohm, L. Umek, H. C. Ward, T. Muschinski, L. Lehner, and M. W. Rotach, 2020: Foehn-cold pool interactions in the Inn Valley during PIANO IOP2. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146, 1232–1263, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3735 Muschinski, T., 2019: Spatial heterogeneity of the pre-foehnic Inn Valley cold air pool and a relationship to Froude number: Observations from an array of temperature loggers during PIANO. Master's Thesis. Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, Unversity of Innsbruck, 101 pp., https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:1-43559 Muschinsik, T., A. Gohm, M. Haid, L. Umek, and H. C. Ward, 2020: Spatial heterogeneity of the Inn Valley cold air pool during south foehn: Observations from an array of temperature loggers during PIANO. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2020/1043 Umek, L., A. Gohm, M. Haid, H. C. Ward, and M. W. Rotach, 2021: Large‐eddy simulation of foehn–cold pool interactions in the Inn Valley during PIANO IOP 2. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 147, 944–982, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3954
摘要 本数据集为2017年秋季至初冬期间，研究项目PIANO（阿尔卑斯焚风穿透与中断，Penetration and Interruption of Alpine Foehn）野外试验中，在奥地利因河谷地因斯布鲁克机场以及维普河谷帕奇村开展的无线电探空仪(radiosonde)观测数据。本次野外试验旨在研究南焚风发生期间冷空气池的消散过程、因斯布鲁克附近河谷地面的焚风突破现象，以及后续的焚风消退过程。本次试验共设置7个密集观测期(Intensive Observation Periods, IOPs)，其中6次为南焚风事件（IOP2至IOP7），1次为西焚风事件（IOP1）。除因斯布鲁克机场每日例行的探空观测外，其余探空观测仅在密集观测期内开展。 数据集说明 1. 空间覆盖范围与观测点位 PIANO野外试验期间，在因河谷地的因斯布鲁克机场（国际民航组织代码ICAO: LOWI）以及维普河谷的帕奇村开展了无线电探空升空观测。两个探空发射点位的坐标与海拔如下： 因斯布鲁克机场：北纬47.2598°，东经11.3553°，海拔578米（平均海平面基准，MSL）； 帕奇村：北纬47.2093°，东经11.4097°，海拔962米（平均海平面基准，MSL）。 2. 时间覆盖范围 PIANO野外试验于2017年秋季至初冬期间开展。本次提供的无线电探空数据中，因斯布鲁克机场的观测时段为2017年10月1日至12月12日，帕奇村的观测时段为2017年11月4日至12月11日。 因斯布鲁克机场的例行探空观测在11月3日前于每日世界协调时(UTC)02:15开展，11月3日后调整为每日世界协调时03:15。除上述例行观测外，在密集观测期内，因斯布鲁克机场与帕奇村每日还会开展多次专项探空观测。 3. 仪器详情 因斯布鲁克机场探空系统 因斯布鲁克机场的探空观测由奥地利航空气象服务机构Austro Control实施，采用自动无线电探空发射系统（Vaisala Autosonde AS14）与Vaisala RS92型无线电探空仪。 帕奇村探空系统 帕奇村的探空观测采用GRAW移动式地面站GS-H与GRAW DFM-09型无线电探空仪开展。探空仪初始化所需的地面气压由Meteolabor公司的BM35型气压计测量获得。 时间基准与测量间隔 数据文件中的时间基准为世界协调时(UTC)。因斯布鲁克机场探空观测的测量间隔为2秒，帕奇村探空观测的测量间隔为1秒。 4. 数据文件结构 文件格式 数据集采用netCDF格式存储，所有netCDF文件将被打包为zip压缩文件。 压缩文件包 LOWI.zip包含因斯布鲁克机场（ICAO代码LOWI）所有探空观测的netCDF文件；PATSCH.zip包含帕奇村所有探空观测的netCDF文件。 数据内容 每个netCDF文件对应一次探空观测的数据。文件名包含发射点位（LOWI或PATSCH）以及世界协调时的发射日期/时间信息。下文文件名示例中使用以下通配符：yyyy代表年份，mm代表月份，dd代表日期，HH代表小时，MM代表分钟。 LOWI_yyyymmdd_HHMM.nc为因斯布鲁克机场（ICAO代码LOWI）无线电探空观测的netCDF文件；PATSCH_yyyymmdd_HHMM.nc为帕奇村无线电探空观测的netCDF文件。 5. 相关发表文献 PIANO试验的无线电探空数据已被用于两项针对IOP2的案例研究（Haid等，2020；Umek等，2021）。Muschinski（2019）与Muschinski等（2020）已对PIANO项目的其他类型观测数据开展了分析研究。 6. 联系方式 若对本数据集有任何疑问，请联系alexander.gohm (at) uibk.ac.at。 7. 致谢 本PIANO野外试验得到以下机构与项目的资助：奥地利科学基金（FWF）与魏斯科学基金会资助项目P29746-N32，以及卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院山地景观与气候研究所（KIT IMK-IFU）、Austro Control GmbH、奥地利中央气象与地球动力学研究所（ZAMG）、蒂罗尔州水文局、因斯布鲁克市政公用事业股份公司（IKB）、贝吉塞尔运营有限责任公司（Bergisel Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H.）、因斯布鲁克北岭缆车运营有限责任公司、奥地利T-Mobile GmbH、Unser Lagerhaus Warenhandelsgesellschaft、PEMA Immobilien GmbH、安ich街高等技术学院（HTL Anichstraße）、因斯布鲁克希尔顿酒店、TINETZ-Tiroler Netze GmbH、蒂罗尔州政府，以及帕奇村与弗尔斯（Völs）社区。 8. 参考文献 1. Haid, M., A. Gohm, L. Umek, H. C. Ward, T. Muschinski, L. Lehner及M. W. Rotach, 2020：PIANO试验IOP2期间因河谷地焚风与冷空气池的相互作用. 《英国皇家气象学会季刊》, 146, 1232–1263, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3735 2. Muschinski, T., 2019：焚风发生前因河谷冷空气池的空间异质性及其与弗劳德数的关系：基于PIANO试验中温度记录仪阵列的观测结果. 硕士学位论文. 因斯布鲁克大学大气与冰冻圈科学系, 101页, https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:1-43559 3. Muschinski, T., A. Gohm, M. Haid, L. Umek及H. C. Ward, 2020：南焚风期间因河谷冷空气池的空间异质性：基于PIANO试验中温度记录仪阵列的观测结果. 《气象杂志》(Meteorologische Zeitschrift), https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2020/1043 4. Umek, L., A. Gohm, M. Haid, H. C. Ward及M. W. Rotach, 2021：PIANO试验IOP2期间因河谷焚风-冷空气池相互作用的大涡模拟. 《英国皇家气象学会季刊》, 147, 944–982, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3954
