Data from: Worldwide patterns of ancestry, divergence, and admixture in domesticated cattle

The domestication and development of cattle has considerably impacted
human societies, but the histories of cattle breeds have been poorly
understood especially for African, Asian, and American breeds. Using
genotypes from 43,043 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers
scored in 1,543 animals, we evaluate the population structure of 134
domesticated bovid breeds. Regardless of the analytical method or sample
subset, the three major groups of Asian indicine, Eurasian taurine, and
African taurine were consistently observed. Patterns of geographic
dispersal resulting from co-migration with humans and exportation are
recognizable in phylogenetic networks. All analytical methods reveal
patterns of hybridization which occurred after divergence. Using 19
breeds, we map the cline of indicine introgression into Africa. We infer
that African taurine possess a large portion of wild African auroch
ancestry, causing their divergence from Eurasian taurine. We detect
exportation patterns in Asia and identify a cline of Eurasian
taurine/indicine hybridization in Asia. We also identify the influence of
species other than Bos taurus in the formation of Asian breeds. We detect
the pronounced influence of Shorthorn cattle in the formation of European
breeds. Iberian and Italian cattle possess introgression from African
taurine. American Criollo cattle are shown to be of Iberian, and not
African, decent. Indicine introgression into American cattle occurred in
the Americas, and not Europe. We argue that cattle migration, movement and
trading followed by admixture have been important forces in shaping modern
bovine genomic variation.