FREE ECONOMIC ZONES: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LAYERED ECONOMIC MECHANISMS, INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE, AND INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION

This article presents a comprehensive assessment of the transformational role of Free Economic Zones (FEZs) in the contemporary economic landscape and scientifically substantiates their interconnection with the digital economy, scientific-innovation systems, and cross-border cooperation. FEZs are conceptualized as strategic institutions that accelerate economic growth through integration into global value chains, the creation of regional economic synergy, and the adoption of advanced technologies. The research analyzes next-generation governance models, including adaptive regulation, digital-cluster architectures, smart-logistics systems, and technology transfer mechanisms. Additionally, the investment attractiveness of special zones, the potential of human capital, and the degree of integration with innovation ecosystems are evaluated as crucial determinants of national economic resilience. The findings demonstrate that FEZs function not merely as platforms providing fiscal incentives, but as multi-layered mechanisms for economic modernization, digital transformation, and regional development.本文全面评估了自由贸易区（Free Economic Zones，FEZs）在当代经济格局中的转型作用，并科学论证了其与数字经济、科技创新体系以及跨境合作之间的内在关联。研究将自由贸易区界定为通过融入全球价值链、构建区域经济协同效应、应用先进技术以加速经济增长的战略型制度载体。本研究分析了下一代治理模式，涵盖自适应监管、数字集群架构、智慧物流系统以及技术转移机制。此外，研究还将此类特殊经济区域的投资吸引力、人力资本潜力以及与创新生态系统的融合程度，视作影响国家经济韧性的关键决定因素。研究结果表明，自由贸易区不仅是提供财政优惠的平台，更是推动经济现代化、数字化转型以及区域发展的多层次机制。