Global biome patterns of the Middle and Late Pleistocene

Our primary aim was to assess the hypothesis that distinctive features of the patterns of vegetation change during successive Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles reflect climatic differences arising from forcing differences. We addressed this hypothesis using 207 half-degree resolution global biome pattern simulations, for time slices between 800 ka and 2 ka, made using the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model. Simulations were driven using ice-core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth’s obliquity, and outputs from a pre-industrial and 206 palaeoclimate experiments; four additional simulations were driven using projected future CO2 concentrations. Climate experiments were run using HadCM3. Using a rule-based approach, above-ground biomass and leaf area index of LPJ-GUESS plant functional types were used to infer each grid cell’s biome. The hypothesis is supported by the palaeobiome simulations.
To enable comparisons with the climatic forcing, multivariate analyses were performe..., See Allen et al. (2020), Huntley et al. (2021) and Huntley et al. (2023):

Allen, J.R.M., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Singarayer, J.S., Valdes, P.J. & Huntley, B. (2020). Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years. Journal of Biogeography, 47, 2073-2090. doi 10.1111/jbi.13930
Huntley, B., Allen, J.R.M., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Ohlemüller, R., Singarayer, J.S. & Valdes, P.J. (2021). Projected climatic changes lead to biome changes in areas of previously constant biome. Journal of Biogeography, 48, 2418-2428. doi 10.1111/jbi.14213
Huntley, B., Allen, J.R.M., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Ohlemüller, R., Singarayer, J.S. & Valdes, P.J. (2023). Global biome patterns of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Journal of Biogeography. doi 10.1111/jbi.14619
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本研究的核心目标为验证如下假说：连续第四纪冰期-间冰期旋回中植被变化模式的独特特征，可反映由驱动因子差异所引发的气候差异。本研究借助LPJ-GUESS动态全球植被模型（dynamic global vegetation model），针对800 ka至2 ka间的多个时间切片，开展了207组半度分辨率的全球生物群区（biome）模式模拟，以此验证上述假说。模拟以冰芯（ice-core）提取的大气CO₂浓度、地球黄赤交角（obliquity），以及前工业时代与206项古气候实验（palaeoclimate experiments）的输出结果作为驱动因子；另有4组额外模拟以未来预估CO₂浓度作为驱动因子。气候实验通过HadCM3模式开展。本研究采用基于规则的方法（rule-based approach），利用LPJ-GUESS模型中植物功能型（plant functional types）的地上生物量（above-ground biomass）与叶面积指数（leaf area index），推断每个网格单元（grid cell）对应的生物群区。古生物群区模拟结果验证了本研究提出的假说。

为实现与气候驱动因子的对比分析，本研究开展了多变量分析（multivariate analyses）……详见Allen等人（2020）、Huntley等人（2021）及Huntley等人（2023）的研究：
Allen, J.R.M.、Forrest, M.、Hickler, T.、Singarayer, J.S.、Valdes, P.J. 与 Huntley, B.（2020）。过去14万年的全球植被格局。《生物地理学杂志》，47卷，2073-2090页。DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13930
Huntley, B.、Allen, J.R.M.、Forrest, M.、Hickler, T.、Ohlemüller, R.、Singarayer, J.S. 与 Valdes, P.J.（2021）。预估气候变化将导致此前生物群区稳定区域发生生物群区转变。《生物地理学杂志》，48卷，2418-2428页。DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14213
Huntley, B.、Allen, J.R.M.、Forrest, M.、Hickler, T.、Ohlemüller, R.、Singarayer, J.S. 与 Valdes, P.J.（2023）。中更新世与晚更新世的全球生物群区格局。《生物地理学杂志》。DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14619

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