Re-examination of Mereschkowsky’s genus <i>Tetramphora</i> (Bacillariophyta) and its separation from <i>Amphora</i>
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The raphid diatom genus <i>Amphora</i> has been subject to considerable revision over the previous 30 years, with many species transferred to newly created or existing genera. Despite these efforts, recent work has demonstrated that taxa presently assigned to the genus continue to be non-monophyletic and further revision is required. This investigation re-examines Mereschkowsky’s genus <i>Tetramphora</i>, which he described as including all <i>Amphora</i> species with four chloroplasts, arranged in pairs linked by large pyrenoids. Although largely ignored over the last 100 years, recent work has shown that taxa aligning with <i>Tetramphora</i> are monophyletic and distinct from <i>Amphora sensu stricto</i>. Nine species belonging to <i>Tetramphora</i> are illustrated and described, based on light and scanning electron microscope observations, as well as a preliminary molecular phylogeny for the group. From these observations, we designate Mereschkowsky’s <i>T</i>. <i>ostrearia</i> as the generitype of <i>Tetramphora</i>, recognize <i>T</i>. <i>lineolata</i>, and transfer the <i>Amphora</i> taxa, <i>A</i>. <i>decussata</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>sulcata</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>rhombica</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>intermedia</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>securicula</i>, and the <i>Halamphora</i> taxon <i>H</i>. <i>chilensis</i> to <i>Tetramphora</i>. In addition, three new species, <i>T</i>. <i>fontinalis</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>lineolatoides</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>robusta</i>, are described.
近30年来，具壳缝硅藻（raphid diatom）类群中的双眉藻属（Amphora）经历了大量分类学修订，诸多物种被转移至新建立或已有的属中。尽管开展了上述修订工作，近期研究表明当前归属于该属的分类群仍为非单系群，亟需开展进一步的分类修订。本研究重新审视了梅列日科夫斯基建立的四眉藻属（Tetramphora），该属原被定义为包含所有具有4个叶绿体、以大型淀粉核成对连接的双眉藻属物种。尽管该属在过去百年间基本被忽视，近期研究显示符合四眉藻属（Tetramphora）定义的分类群为单系群，且与狭义双眉藻属（Amphora sensu stricto）界限清晰。本研究基于光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察结果，以及该类群的初步分子系统发育分析，对9个隶属于四眉藻属（Tetramphora）的物种进行了绘图与描述。基于上述观察结果，本研究指定梅列日科夫斯基发表的卵形四眉藻（T. ostrearia）为四眉藻属（Tetramphora）的模式种，确认线形四眉藻（T. lineolata）的分类地位，并将原双眉藻属（Amphora）的十字双眉藻（A. decussata）、沟双眉藻（A. sulcata）、菱形双眉藻（A. rhombica）、中间双眉藻（A. intermedia）、斧形双眉藻（A. securicula），以及原Halamphora属的智利Halamphora（H. chilensis）转移至四眉藻属（Tetramphora）。此外，本研究还描述了3个四眉藻属新种：溪生四眉藻（T. fontinalis）、类线形四眉藻（T. lineolatoides）和粗壮四眉藻（T. robusta）。
