HEALTH PROFILE OF FAMILY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER UNITS OF RAW MILK AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT TO THE CURRENT LAW

Abstract The northern region of Minas Gerais State is characterized as one of the regions of the country where milk has an important economic and social role for the family farming sector. Due to legal requirements, this sector must adjust so that the product will be marketed without bringing risk to the consumers, being, therefore, competitive on the commercial market. The objective of this study was to characterize the productive management generally adopted by the family farms in the municipalities of Bocaiuva, Capitão Enéas, Francisco Sá, and Montes Claros, in northern Minas Gerais, identifying the barriers to the production of milk within the parameters established by the legislation. The production system was evaluated by collecting data from questionnaires and checklists in the different environments involved with the production. The microbiological quality was assessed by enumeration of indicator microorganisms in aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophic, Staphylococcus sp and coliforms in raw milk, raw refrigerated milk, water and utensils used in the production. The results of microbiological analysis associated with the adopted practices revealed the main cause of milk contamination was the inadequate use or the lack of good hygiene practices in the production system, representing the main obstacle to attend the legal requirements for this product.

摘要 米纳斯吉拉斯州北部地区是巴西家庭农业领域中乳业发挥重要经济与社会作用的核心区域之一。出于法定合规要求，该领域需进行适配调整，确保产品上市时不会对消费者健康带来风险，进而在商业市场中具备竞争力。本研究旨在对米纳斯吉拉斯州北部博卡伊乌瓦（Bocaiuva）、卡皮唐·埃内亚斯（Capitão Enéas）、弗朗西斯科·萨（Francisco Sá）以及蒙蒂斯克拉鲁斯（Montes Claros）各镇市家庭农场普遍采用的生产管理模式开展特征分析，并识别出符合法规既定参数的乳业生产所面临的各类阻碍。本研究通过在乳业生产涉及的各类场景中收集问卷与核查清单数据，对生产系统进行评估；通过对生乳、冷藏生乳、生产用水及生产用器具中的需氧嗜温菌（aerobic mesophiles）、嗜冷菌（psychrotrophic）、葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus sp.）及大肠菌群（coliforms）等指示微生物进行计数，评估样品的微生物学质量。结合生产操作实践开展的微生物学分析结果显示，乳污染的主要成因是生产系统中未合理使用或缺乏良好卫生操作规范，这也是该产品无法满足法定要求的核心阻碍。