PROVERBS AS CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC PHENOMENA: ORIGIN, STRUCTURE, AND DISSEMINATION

This article examines proverbs as important linguistic and cultural phenomena. Proverbs are traditional figurative sayings that express collective wisdom and cultural values. The study explores the origin of proverbs, their structural and stylistic features, and their role in folklore and linguistic research. Special attention is given to the dissemination of proverbs across languages and cultures, particularly within the European tradition influenced by classical Greek and Roman sources. The article also discusses the problems of translation and variation of proverbs in different linguistic communities. The analysis shows that proverbs function as stable textual units that reflect universal human experience while also preserving unique cultural characteristics.本文将谚语视作重要的语言与文化现象展开考察。谚语是承载集体智慧与文化价值观的传统譬喻性言说。本研究探讨了谚语的起源、结构与文体特征，及其在民俗学与语言学研究中的作用。研究特别关注了谚语在不同语言与文化间的传播，尤其是在受古希腊、古罗马典籍影响的欧洲文化传统中。本文还讨论了不同语言社群中谚语的翻译与变体问题。分析结果表明，谚语作为稳定的文本单元，既反映了普世的人类共同经验，又保留了独特的文化特质。