Statue of king Shalmaneser III

Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria (859–824 BC), and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II. His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu. His armies penetrated to Lake Van and the Taurus Mountains; the Hittitesof Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of Hamath and Aram Damascus were subdued. It is in the annals of Shalmaneser III from the 850s BC that the Arabs and Chaldeans first appear in recorded history.沙尔马内塞尔三世（Shalmaneser III）是亚述国王（公元前859年—前824年在位），为前代君主亚述那西尔帕二世（Ashurnasirpal II）之子。其漫长的统治始终伴随着连绵不绝的征伐战事，作战对象涵盖东部部落、巴比伦人、美索不达米亚与叙利亚地区诸国，以及基祖瓦德纳（Kizzuwadna）与乌拉尔图（Urartu）。其军队曾挺进至凡湖与托罗斯山脉；卡尔赫米什（Carchemish）的赫梯人被迫纳贡，哈马王国与阿拉米大马士革王国（Aram Damascus）亦被征服。公元前850年代留存的沙尔马内塞尔三世编年史料中，阿拉伯人与迦勒底人首次见于信史记载。