US State Social Distancing Intervention Dates (valid to 4/25/20)

This dataset contains dates for the implementations of the following interventions in 50 US states plus Shelby County TN in response to COVID-19. Each intervention date has an associated comment containing sources for that date and a rationale when the decision was not strictly objective. Interventions are valid to 4/25/20 after which some states began to reverse some interventions. schools_universities Primary/secondary school closing; partial closing is OK; State university closing if it precedes primary/secondary travel_restrictions Out of state travel quarantine restrictions OR state-level guidance to avoid traveling out of state public_events Banning of ALL public events of more than 100 participants sport Banning/canceling of sporting events. Banning of public events of 1000 or more also qualifies. lockdown Definitions vary, but include: banning of non-essential gatherings/business operations, ordering stay at home except for exercise and essential tasks; stay at home/safer at home orders Lockdown encompasses all other intervensions by definition, so if a state skips multiple interventions and goes to lockdown, the lockdown date is used for those interventions as well. social_distancing_encouraged State advice on distancing including: work from home, reduce public transport, avoid non-essential contact; any guidance for maintaining a physical distance from others will also qualify. Mere words "social distancing" do not count unless they are elaborated with what that means in practice. Messaging must be to public and not selected group (e.g. state employees). self_isolating_if_ill Strong recommendations/laws about self-isolating if showing COVID like symptoms; Statewide testing implies this, so whichever comes first. Messaging must be to public and not selected group (e.g. state employees).本数据集收录了美国50个州及田纳西州谢尔比县（Shelby County TN）为应对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）所实施的各类防控干预措施的生效日期。每项干预措施的日期均附带相关注释，包含该日期的来源依据，以及当决策并非完全客观时的说明理由。本数据集的干预措施信息截止至2020年4月25日（4/25/20），在此之后部分州开始逐步撤销部分防控干预措施。 学校与高等院校关闭（schools_universities）：涵盖中小学停课、阶段性停课；若州立大学关闭时间早于中小学，则以大学关闭日期为准。 旅行限制（travel_restrictions）：包括州级境外旅行检疫限制，或要求民众避免非必要境外旅行的官方指引。 公共活动禁令（public_events）：禁止所有参与人数超过100人的公共活动。 体育赛事停办（sport）：禁止或取消体育赛事；禁止参与人数达1000人及以上的公共活动同样符合本项归类标准。 封城措施（lockdown）：定义范围包括：禁止非必要聚集活动与商业运营、要求民众居家仅可外出进行必要事务或体育锻炼的居家令；"居家/更安全居家"类行政指令均纳入本项。根据定义，封城措施涵盖所有其他干预措施，因此若某州跳过多项前置干预直接实施封城，则以封城日期作为上述所有干预措施的生效日期。 社交距离倡导（social_distancing_encouraged）：官方发布的社交距离指引，包括：远程办公、减少公共交通出行、避免非必要接触；任何旨在维持人际物理距离的官方指导均符合本项。仅提及"社交距离"字样而无具体实操说明的表述不计入本项；且相关指引需面向全体公众，而非特定群体（如州政府雇员）。 疑似症状患者自我隔离（self_isolating_if_ill）：针对出现新冠肺炎疑似症状的民众发布的强制隔离建议或法律规定；全州范围内的新冠检测政策默认包含本项，以二者中较早生效的日期为准。相关指引需面向全体公众，而非特定群体（如州政府雇员）。