BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes, which is associated with damage of blood-retinal barrier and ischemia of retinal vasculature. It
PurposeTo investigate retinal vascular characteristics in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients at different stages via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). DesignA retrospective observ
The mammalian retina contains an endogenous circadian clock system, located in various cell types. This system enables timing of a broad range of essential retinal functions to anticipate daily change