IFN? is a central node in cancer immune equilibrium

The anti-tumor effects of IFN? are well-known as IFN? binding to tumor cells increases antigen presentation and can cause cytostatic growth defects. Indeed, the inability of tumors to respond to IFN? often renders tumors resistant to checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies reliant on direct T cell cytotoxicity. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing during virus therapy to get insight into the immune microenvironment of the tumor during treatment. Overall design: Mice bearing B16-Nectin1+ tumors were injected 4 times intratumorally with PBS, d106S, or d106S-IL12 starting on day seven of tumor growth and collected on day 16 (PBS) or day 17 (virus). Tumors were sorted for CD45+ live cells.