Elastoplastic mechanical behavior and theoretical model of multi-layered helical wire rope

Wire ropes are formed by twisting multiple steel wires into a single structure in a helical manner. Due to their excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, strong impact resistance, and good bending performance, they are widely used in fields such as national defense, engineering construction, and navigation. Currently, the commonly used multi-strand steel wire ropes in engineering have a multi-layered helical structure, typically including single-helix wires, double-helix wires, and even triple-helix wires. Unlike single-helix wires, double or triple-helix wires lack a helical symmetry, making their local mechanical responses more complex. How to effectively predict the mechanical responses of multi-layered helical steel wire ropes and establish models for them is an important topic of common concern in both academic and engineering fields. This paper first briefly introduces the geometric structure of multi-layer helical steel wire ropes; then summarizes the research on the mechanical behavior of steel wire ropes from aspects such as quasi-static and dynamic mechanical response fatigue, and wear; further reviews the established mechanical response models of multi-strand steel wire ropes based on the mechanical response models of single-strand steel wire ropes, and compares various theoretical models in terms of whether the periodicity of wire deformation parameters, Poisson effect, and friction assumptions are considered; finally, it puts forward several prospects for the issues that urgently need to be addressed and explored in the future regarding multi-layered helical steel wire ropes.