Oceanographic Station, temperature profiles, and other data from bottle and XBT casts from the DOLPHIN as part of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP) from 13 August 1974 to 18 September 1974 (NODC Accession 7400814)

Oceanographic Station, temperature profiles, and other data were collected from bottle and XBT casts from the DOLPHIN from 13 August 1974 to 18 September 1974. Data were collected by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as part of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP). Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Oceanographic Station Data (SD2) and the Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) formats. Full format descriptions are available at nodc.noaa.gov/.

The Oceanographic Station Data format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity, but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t), sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels.

The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data records are comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. The XBT data files contain temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''''inflection points'''') required to accurately define the temperature curve.
Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of 450 m or 760 m. Special instruments permit measurements to 1830 m.

1974年8月13日至9月18日期间，科研船“海豚号”（DOLPHIN）通过采水器与抛弃式深度测温仪（expendable bathythermograph, XBT）走航采样，获取了海洋站数据、温度剖面及其他相关资料。本数据集由美国国家海洋渔业服务局（National Marine Fisheries Service, NMFS）作为海洋资源监测、评估与预测计划（Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction, MARMAP）的一部分采集完成。国家海洋数据中心（National Oceanographic Data Center, NODC）将原始数据处理为符合其标准的海洋站数据格式（Oceanographic Station Data, SD2）与通用深度测温仪输出格式（Universal Bathythermograph Output, UBT）。完整的格式说明可于nodc.noaa.gov网站查询获取。

海洋站数据格式包含离散深度层级上记录的物理海洋与化学海洋学数据。绝大多数观测采用多瓶南森采水器或其他类型的水体采样装置完成，仅约5%的观测数据来自电子温盐深测量仪（conductivity-temperature-depth, CTD）与盐温深测量仪（salinity-temperature-depth, STD）。需说明的是，尽管CTD/STD数据是以匹配南森采水采样的深度层级提交至NODC，但最终处理与存储方式均与南森采样数据一致。每个海洋站均记录有航次信息（如作业船舶、所属国家与科研机构）、站位坐标、观测日期与时间。核心观测参数为温度与盐度，同时也可能包含溶解氧、磷酸盐、总磷、硅酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及pH值等指标。采样时的气象条件（如气温、气压、风速、海况），以及水体颜色（福勒-乌勒色度标度）、水体透明度（塞氏盘深度）、海底深度等辅助数据亦可被记录。研究人员可通过实测参数计算得到密度（sigma-t）、声速与动态深度异常等衍生指标。每个海洋站既包含实测深度层级上的观测值，也包含经插值得到的标准深度层级数据。

通用深度测温仪输出格式（UBT）存储了通过抛弃式深度测温仪（XBT）获取的温度-深度剖面数据。每个观测记录均包含航次信息、站位坐标、观测日期与时间。数据记录由温度-深度值对构成。XBT数据文件中的温度值对应非均匀分布的深度层级，这些深度点位仅记录了精准刻画温度曲线所需的最少数量的拐点（inflection points）。标准型XBT可获取深度达450米或760米的剖面数据，特殊定制仪器则可将测量深度拓展至1830米。