Ecopath with Ecosim foodweb modelling GES4SEAS main results. Western Mediterranean Sea.

A range of mechanistic modelling approaches has been developed to study marine ecosystem dynamics, climate change, and cumulative effects on Good Environmental Status (GES). The GES4Seas project applied Ecopath with Ecosim food-web models (EwE; Christensen and Walters, 2004; Christensen et al., 2014) across multiple European regional seas, including the North Sea, Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Western Mediterranean Sea, as well as subregions such as the Local Baltic Sea and the Portuguese Shelf. These models were developed to explore the consequences of climate change (CC), the implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), habitat restoration activities for habitat-forming species, and fisheries management on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem service provision (Coll et al., 2024). We demonstrate how these models can be used to investigate cumulative impacts by incorporating offshore wind farms and changes in shipping traffic into the Western Mediterranean marine environment. The database contains the main results obtained for the Western Mediterranean Sea. Additional information on the models is available in Deliverable 3.2, Applications of Selected Tools by Learning Sites, Their Specific Configurations and Main Outputs to Test Tipping Points and Thresholds: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18247496一系列机理建模方法已被开发用于研究海洋生态系统动态、气候变化以及对良好环境状态（Good Environmental Status, GES）的累积影响。GES4Seas项目将Ecopath with Ecosim食物网模型（简称EwE；Christensen与Walters，2004；Christensen等，2014）应用于多个欧洲海域，包括北海、波罗的海、比斯开湾和西地中海，以及波罗的海局部海域、葡萄牙陆架等子区域。 本系列模型旨在探究气候变化（Climate Change, CC）、海洋保护区（Marine Protected Areas, MPAs）建设、生境形成物种的生境修复活动以及渔业管理对生物多样性、生态系统功能与生态系统服务供给所产生的效应（Coll等，2024）。本团队展示了如何通过将海上风电场与航运流量变化纳入西地中海海洋环境的分析范畴，利用上述模型开展累积影响研究。 本数据库包含西地中海海域所获得的主要研究结果。关于模型的更多详细信息可参阅交付成果3.2：《学习站点应用选定工具、其具体配置与主要输出结果以检验临界点与阈值》，链接为：https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18247496