Data from: Receptive females mitigate costs of sexual conflict

Males typically gain fitness from multiple mating, whereas females often
lose fitness from numerous mating, potentially leading to sexual conflict
over mating. This conflict is expected to favour the evolution of female
resistance to mating. However, females may incur male harassment if they
refuse to copulate; thus, greater female resistance may increase costs
imposed by males. Here, I show that the evolution of resistance to mating
raises fitness disadvantages of interacting with males when mating is
harmful in female adzuki bean beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis. Females
that were artificially selected for higher and lower remating propensity
evolved to accept and resist remating, respectively. Compared with females
that evolved to accept remating, females that evolved to resist it
suffered higher fitness costs from continuous exposure to males. The costs
of a single mating measured by the effect on longevity did not differ
among selection line females. This study indicates that receptive rather
than resistant females mitigate the fitness loss resulting from sexual
conflict, suggesting that even though mating is harmful, females can
evolve to accept additional mating.