Summary of two-cell embryo and live offspring efficiencies of current and prior studies evaluating various techniques to improve penetration of the zona pellucida (ZP) of vitrified-warmed (V-W) mouse oocytes by spermatozoa.

Laser-assisted IVF is abbreviated as LAIVF, and vitrification is abbreviated as vit.aKunming mice are outbred, and C57BL/6 mice are inbred.bPercent two-cell embryos was calculated as # two-cell embryos/# total cells post-recovery and prior to treatment *100; data presented differently in the original manuscript were reconfigured to match the format of data presentation in the current study.cPercent live offspring was calculated as # live offspring/# two-cell embryos transferred to all recipients (pregnant and nonpregnant) *100; data presented differently in the original manuscript were reconfigured to match the format of data presentation in the current study.NA indicates data not available.