Supporting Energy Systems Modelling in Vietnam: Techno-economic, Environmental, and Social Data for the Power and Transport Sectors

Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 has intensified the need for comprehensive, data-driven models to guide long-term energy system planning. Historically, such planning has been primarily concerned with technoeconomic considerations; however, growing societal and international expectations now require that environmental and social dimensions be incorporated in decision-making. This dataset therefore compiles technoeconomic, environmental, and social data for Vietnam’s power and transport sectors from 2020 to 2050. This includes data on demand, capacity factors, technical potential, as well as operational life, residual capacity, efficiencies, costs (investments, fixed, and fuel), emission factors and pollution costs (CO2, CH4, NOX, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5), and employment factors (construction, manufacturing, operation and maintenance) for both power plant and transport mode types. All data were obtained and processed from available online sources. The dataset is structured to ensure compatibility with widely used energy modelling tools, including OSeMOSYS, TIMES, and MESSAGE, facilitating integrated and comparative analyses across multiple models. It provides detailed metadata, including the Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) observation statuses, and a traffic-light quality system to enhance transparency and usability. Although the dataset is tailored to Vietnam, most of the data is technology-based and thus transferable to other national contexts. Overall, this dataset contributes to improving the accessibility and transparency of energy data, enabling policymakers and researchers in Vietnam and other developing countries to conduct evidence-based analyses in support of just energy transitions.越南承诺到2050年实现净零排放，这一目标强化了对全面、数据驱动型模型的需求，以指导长期能源系统规划。长期以来，此类规划主要聚焦于技术经济层面的考量；但如今日益增长的社会与国际期望，要求决策过程中纳入环境与社会维度。为此，本数据集收集了2020至2050年越南电力与交通行业的技术经济、环境及社会相关数据。数据涵盖各类电厂与交通方式的需求、容量系数、技术潜力、运营寿命、剩余装机容量、能效水平、各类成本（投资成本、固定成本与燃料成本）、排放因子与污染成本（二氧化碳、甲烷、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、PM10及PM2.5），以及就业因子（涵盖建设、制造、运维环节）。所有数据均来自公开在线资源并经过整理加工。本数据集的结构设计使其可与主流能源建模工具（包括OSeMOSYS、TIMES及MESSAGE）兼容，便于开展多模型集成与对比分析。数据集附带详细元数据，包括统计数据与元数据交换（Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange，简称SDMX）观测状态标识，以及一套红绿灯质量评级体系，以提升数据透明度与可用性。尽管本数据集针对越南定制，但多数数据基于技术层面，因此可推广至其他国家的相关场景。总体而言，本数据集有助于提升能源数据的可获取性与透明度，助力越南及其他发展中国家的政策制定者与研究人员开展循证分析，以支撑公正能源转型工作。